ArticleHypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension2023
A higher resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular event risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without known cardiovascular disease.
Article in Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07078487 (Implications of Paced Heart Rate on Central Blood Pressure in Sick Sinus Syndrome Patients With Hypertension), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Implications of Paced Heart Rate on Central Blood Pressure in Sick Sinus Syndrome Patients With Hypertension: a Randomised Crossover Study
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Tirzepatide and cardiometabolic parameters in obesity: Summary of current evidence.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Association between serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Multi-modal characterisation of early-stage, subclinical cardiac deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- The Role and Mechanism of Probiotics Supplementation in Blood Glucose Regulation: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Reliability of heart rate in reflecting cardiac sympathetic overdrive in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2024Article
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10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A higher resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between RHR and cardiovascular events in T2DM patients with diabetic retinopathy and without known cardiovascular disease. We analyzed the association between RHR and cardiovascular events, including coronary, cerebral, renal and vascular events or cardiovascular death in T2DM patients with retinopathy and hyperlipidemia without prior cardiovascular events who were enrolled in the EMPATHY study. Data from 4746 patients were analyzed. The median RHR was 76 bpm. Patients were divided into four groups based on their baseline RHR ( < 60, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 bpm). Patients with a higher RHR were more likely to be younger and had a higher body mass index, blood pressure value, HbA1c value, and estimated glomerular filtration rate and a lower B-type natriuretic peptide value; they also had a higher proportion of current smoking status, neuropathy, and nephropathy. After adjusting for confounders, including the aforementioned risk factors, a RHR of 70-79 bpm and a RHR ≥ 80 bpm were significantly associated with cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.03-2.20; and hazard ratio 1.62, 95% CI 1.11-2.36; respectively) compared to a RHR of 60-69 bpm. The analysis using restricted cubic splines indicated that the cardiovascular risk seemed to be similarly high when the RHR range was ≥70 bpm. In conclusion, in T2DM patients with diabetic retinopathy and without known cardiovascular disease, a high RHR, particularly ≥70 bpm, was associated with the risk of cardiovascular events compared to a RHR of 60-69 bpm. High resting heart rate (RHR), particularly ≥70 bpm, was associated with the risk of cardiovascular events compared to RHR 60-69 bpm in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic retinopathy, and hyperlipidemia, but without known cardiovascular disease.
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