ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2023
Using EGFR amplification to stratify recurrent glioblastoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prognostic Significance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Amplification and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III Mutation in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Implications for Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- A multicenter, phase II trial of GC1118, a novel anti-EGFR antibody, for recurrent glioblastoma patients with EGFR amplification.Cancer medicine · 2023Trial
- Immunohistochemistry as a tool for identifying EGFR amplification in CNS tumors.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic and Immune Landscape of Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Progressing on Anti-PD-1 Treatment.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- EGFR activation disrupts immunotherapy response via SHP2-mediated suppression of tumor-intrinsic response to IFN-γ.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response and resistance in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pre-radiation Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Towards Effective Treatment of Glioblastoma: The Role of Combination Therapies and the Potential of Phytotherapy and Micotherapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Lynch Syndrome-Associated Glioblastoma Treated With Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Case Report and Review of Literature.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2024Article
- EGFR alterations in glioblastoma play a role in antitumor immunity regulation.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWhile immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have had success with various malignancies, their efficacy in brain cancer is still unclear. Retrospective and prospective studies using PD-1 inhibitors for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) have not established survival benefit. This study evaluated if ICI may be effective for select patients with recurrent GBM.
methodsThis was a single-center retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with first recurrence GBM and received pembrolizumab or nivolumab with or without concurrent bevacizumab. Archival tissue was used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.
resultsMedian overall survival (mOS) from initial diagnosis was 24.5 months (range 10-42). mOS from onset of ICI was 10 months (range 1-31) with 75% surviving > 6 months and 46% > 12 months. Additional IHC analysis on tumors from eight patients demonstrated a trend of longer survival after ICI for those with elevated PD-L1 expression. NGS of samples from 15 patients identified EGFR amplification at initial diagnosis and at any time point to be associated with worse survival after ICI (HR 12.2, 95% CI 1.37-108, p = 0.025 and HR 3.92, 95% CI 1.03-14.9, p = 0.045, respectively). This significance was corroborated with previously tested EGFR amplification via in situ hybridization.
conclusionICI did not extend overall survival for recurrent GBM. However, molecular sequencing identified EGFR amplification as associated with worse survival. Prospective studies can validate if EGFR amplification is a biomarker of ICI resistance and determine if its use can stratify responders from non-responders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.