ArticleBMJ open2023
Anxiety and depression among people with type 2 diabetes visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Internal factors related to self-management among type 2 diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic as humanitarian emergencies: a scoping review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Trends in Depression Among Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Spain (2017-2023): A Population-Based Analysis with a Focus on Sex Differences and In-Hospital Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Nepal's mental health system from public health perspective: a thematic synthesis based on health system building blocks.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Review
- Mental health literacy among basic healthcare providers and community health volunteers of Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Psychological distress among parents with emigrant offspring: A mixed-methods study from Changunarayan Municipality, Nepal.PloS one · 2025Article
- Fear of Disease Progression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Construction and Validation of a Nomogram Prediction Model.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Improvement in symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes: retrospective analysis of an intensive lifestyle modification program.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- The Prevalence and Determinants of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Moderating Effect of Grip Strength in the Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Depressive Symptomatology.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Social and mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic among health professionals of Gandaki Province, Nepal: A mixed method study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlates among individuals who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression and identify the associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.
designCross-sectional study.
settingThree diabetes clinics in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal, from May to July 2021.
participants283 people with T2DM visiting selected diabetes centres of Pokhara Metropolitan. OUTCOME MEASURES: Anxiety and depression were the outcome measures. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire comprising information related to participants' sociodemographic profile and several factors along with Hospital Anxiety and Depression-Anxiety subscale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess the levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. Pearson's Χ
resultsThe prevalence of anxiety and depression was 31.4% (95% CI 26.2% to 37.5%) and 36.4% (95% CI 30.8% to 42.0%), respectively. Anxiety was found to be associated with a lower level of perceived social support (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.442, 95% CI 1.020 to 5.845), multiple complications (AOR 2.758, 95% CI 1.015 to 7.334) and comorbidities (AOR 2.110, 95% CI 1.004 to 4.436), severe COVID-19 fear (AOR 2.343, 95% CI 1.123 to 4.887) and sleep dissatisfaction (AOR 1.912, 95% CI 1.073 to 3.047). Economical dependency (AOR 1.890, 95% CI 1.026 to 3.482), no insurance (AOR 2.973, 95% CI 1.134 to 7.093), lower perceived social support (AOR 2.883, 95% CI 1.158 to 7.181), multiple complications (AOR 2.308, 95% CI 1.585 to 6.422) and comorbidities (AOR 2.575, 95% CI 1.180 to 5.617), severe COVID-19 fear (AOR 2.117, 95% CI 1.009 to 4.573), alcohol use (AOR 2.401, 95% CI 1.199 to 4.806) and sleep dissatisfaction (AOR 1.995, 95% CI 1.093 to 3.644) were found to be associated with depression.
conclusionThis study showed high prevalence levels of anxiety and depression among people with T2DM. Strengthening social support and focusing on people with diabetes suffering from comorbidity and complications could help to reduce their risk of mental health problems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.