ArticleScience advances2023
Displaying and delivering viral membrane antigens via WW domain-activated extracellular vesicles.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological Inhibition of Small Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by ALK5i SD-208 via Lysosomal Rerouting of CD63+ Compartments.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles as new-age vaccine carriers: a focused account on viral diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- StealthX: A Versatile and Potent Exosome-Based Vaccine Platform for the Next Pandemic.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in cancer - therapeutic and diagnostic potential.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- A Novel Trivalent BVDV mRNA Vaccine Displayed by Virus-like Particles Eliciting Potent and Broad-Spectrum Antibody Responses.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Cell-Free Expression of Nipah Virus Transmembrane Proteins for Proteoliposome Vaccine Design.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Inverted HA-EV immunization elicits stalk-specific influenza immunity and cross-protection in mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Advancements in the conservation of the conformational epitope of membrane protein immunogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicle surface display of αPD-L1 and αCD3 antibodies via engineered late domain-based scaffold to activate T-cell anti-tumor immunity.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Optical Imaging of Single Extracellular Vesicles: Recent Progress and Prospects.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2024Review
- Significance of VLPs in Vlp-circRNA vaccines: a vaccine candidate or delivery vehicle?RNA biology · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Membrane proteins expressed on the surface of enveloped viruses are conformational antigens readily recognized by B cells of the immune system. An effective vaccine would require the synthesis and delivery of these native conformational antigens in lipid membranes that preserve specific epitope structures. We have created an extracellular vesicle-based technology that allows viral membrane antigens to be selectively recruited onto the surface of WW domain-activated extracellular vesicles (WAEVs). Budding of WAEVs requires secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 3, which through its proline-proline-alanine-tyrosine motif interacts with WW domains to recruit fused viral membrane antigens onto WAEVs. Immunization with influenza and HIV viral membrane proteins displayed on WAEVs elicits production of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and, in the case of influenza antigens, protects mice from the lethal viral infection. WAEVs thus represent a versatile platform for presenting and delivering membrane antigens as vaccines against influenza, HIV, and potentially many other viral pathogens.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.