SynthesisPloS one2023
Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence for infection surveillance, risk stratification, and antimicrobial decision support in acute-care hospitals: a scoping review.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Pooled it
- Nursing Students' Knowledge Among Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Central sterile supply departament management on hospital-associated infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Pooled it
- Point prevalence of evidence-based antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of ultraviolet-C disinfection systems for reduction of multi-drug resistant organism infections in healthcare settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Current Status and Factors Associated With Standard Precautions Compliance Among ICU Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing open · 2026Observational
- Knowledge and Perception of Nosocomial Infections Among Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in the Qassim Region.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Applicability of Nanopore-only whole-genome sequencing forJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Reported Numbers:Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Predictors of Healthcare-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Subjects Hospitalised from the Emergency Department for Non-Infectious Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of bathing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate every other day on healthcare-associated infections in the medical intensive care unit.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- The Impact of Real-Time Data Analytics on Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Ophthalmology: A Nursing Perspective on Patient Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness.Nursing & health sciences · 2026Article
- Niobium-Based Conditioning Layer to Reduce Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Titanium Surface.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Direct economic and temporal burdens of nosocomial infections on orthopaedic patients: a nested case-control study.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Assessing Compliance with Hand Hygiene Practices in Healthcare Settings in Benin: a Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Checkerboard and Isobologram Analysis of the Interaction between Black Cumin and Clove Essential Oils against Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Pathogens.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Etiologic Patterns and Evolution of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Periods: A County-Level Multicenter Study from Southeastern Romania.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Healthcare-Associated Infections Impact Mortality in Patients Admitted to the Acute Care Hospital from the Emergency Department.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Trends and Challenges of Surgical Site Infections Burden in Croatia: A Nationwide Comparative Analysis of Two Point Prevalence Surveys (2017-2023).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
41 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesHospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/ abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted.
resultsThe rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women.
conclusionWe identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.