ArticleEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2023
Nociception associated with pain/distress in young children sedated for dental treatment: a clinical study with objective and subjective measures.
Article in European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Versus Ketamine for Sedation in Pediatric Dental Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Acute postoperative pain control in pediatric patients: a scoping review.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2026Article
- Pain assessment using the Analgesia Nociception Index in patients undergoing sedation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Korean journal of pain · 2025Article
- Pain management in pediatric age. An update.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the association between children's pain/distress levels and patient characteristics (age, sex, history of dental pain), sedation type (level of sedation, sedative regimen), nociception and pain intensity reported by the parents in sedated children undergoing minimally invasive dental treatment.
methodsThis clinical study evaluated secondary outcomes of an RCT that evaluated the efficacy of dexmedetomidine sedation with or without ketamine. Only children who had nociception levels recorded using the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) were included (0-100; 0 = highest nociception). FLACC scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability) was used to assess children's pain/distress (0-10; 0 = no pain/distress). Parental proxy report of the child's pain intensity during the treatment was performed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 0-100; 0 = no pain). The association between ANI, children's age and sex, dental pain history, sedation level, sedative regimen, and VAS with the FLACC was verified using the generalised estimation equation analysis (alpha 0.05).
resultsParticipants were 31 children (51.6% boys) and their parents (90.3% mothers). Median FLACC was 3.3 (25th-75th percentiles 1.7-8.2), ANI 80.9 (74.7-85.8), and VAS 10 (1-23). FLACC associated with ANI (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93-0.99; p = 0.02), moderate sedation (0.13; 0.03-0.50; p = 0.003), and VAS (1.05; 1.01-1.10; p = 0.01).
conclusionPain/distress was generally low and more prominent with minimal (versus moderate) sedation and higher nociception.
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Registered trials
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