ArticleGeroScience2023
Efficient representations of binarized health deficit data: the frailty index and beyond.
Article in GeroScience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- How human and animal frailty index studies can inform each other: a brief narrative review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Review
- Frailty index deficit interchangeability: an empirical test using random survival forests in adults with cardiovascular disease.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Article
- Electronic frailty index based on comprehensive geriatric assessment in primary care: feasibility, validity, and reliability.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Association between coronary heart disease and cardiometabolic index: a study from NHANES 1999-2018.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Uncovering the multivariate genetic architecture of frailty with genomic structural equation modeling.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Explainable machine learning framework for biomarker discovery by combining biological age and frailty prediction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Wealth gradients in healthy aging: evidence from the 2011 and 2013 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Dynamical Network Stability Analysis of Multiple Biological Ages Provides a Framework for Understanding the Aging Process.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Principal component-based clinical aging clocks identify signatures of healthy aging and targets for clinical intervention.Nature aging · 2024Article
- Validation of a polygenic risk score for frailty in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 and English longitudinal study of ageing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Network dynamical stability analysis reveals key "mallostatic" natural variables that erode homeostasis and drive age-related decline of health.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
We investigated efficient representations of binarized health deficit data using the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We compared the abilities of features to compress health deficit data and to predict adverse outcomes. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and several other dimensionality reduction techniques, together with several varieties of the frailty index (FI). We observed that the FI approximates the first - primary - component obtained by PCA and other compression techniques. Most adverse outcomes were well predicted using only the FI. While the FI is therefore a useful technique for compressing binary deficits into a single variable, additional dimensions were needed for high-fidelity compression of health deficit data. Moreover, some outcomes - including inflammation and metabolic dysfunction - showed high-dimensional behaviour. We generally found that clinical data were easier to compress than lab data. Our results help to explain the success of the FI as a simple dimensionality reduction technique for binary health data. We demonstrate how PCA extends the FI, providing additional health information, and allows us to explore system dimensionality and complexity. PCA is a promising tool for determining and exploring collective health features from collections of binarized biomarkers.
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