Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36703963›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022

Role of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in hypertension: New insights and potential therapeutic targets.

Zenglei Zhang, Lin Zhao, Xingyu Zhou, Xu Meng, Xianliang Zhou

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07206303 (The Effects of Bifidobacterium-based Probiotics in Reducing Blood Pressure in Middle-aged Chinese With Hypertension), which is not on this map. Cited by 235 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
235citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
53.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07206303 phase1not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Effects of Bifidobacterium-based Probiotics in Reducing Blood Pressure in Middle-aged Chinese With Hypertension: a Single-term Feasibility Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Hong KongRan2026 to 2027Enrolled30ConditionsHypertensionArmsBifidobacterium probiotics supplementation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

235 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 332 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Mendelian randomization studies on cardiometabolic factors and intracranial aneurysms: A systematic literature analysis.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025
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175 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zenglei ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Lin ZhaoDepartment of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xingyu ZhouDepartment of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xu MengDepartment of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xianliang ZhouDepartment of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension is regarded as the most prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which have become a primary cause of death, and recent research has demonstrated that chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Both innate and adaptive immunity are now known to promote the elevation of blood pressure by triggering vascular inflammation and microvascular remodeling. For example, as an important part of innate immune system, classically activated macrophages (M1), neutrophils, and dendritic cells contribute to hypertension by secreting inflammatory cy3tokines. In particular, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) produced by activated T lymphocytes contribute to hypertension by inducing oxidative stress injury and endothelial dysfunction. However, the regulatory T cells and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) may have a protective role in hypertension. Although inflammation is related to hypertension, the exact mechanisms are complex and unclear. The present review aims to reveal the roles of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in the initiation and evolution of hypertension. We envisage that the review will strengthen public understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension and may provide new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for hypertension.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHypertensionAdaptive ImmunityHumansInflammationOxidative Stresscardiovascular diseasescytokineshypertensionimmunityinflammationoxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID36703963
PMCPMC9871625
OpenAlexW4315489399

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.