ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2023
A grounded theory approach to exploring the experiences of community pharmacists in Lebanon to a triple whammy of crises: The Lebanese financial crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, and the Beirut port explosion.
Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of life in patients with epilepsy in the context of socioeconomic challenges in Lebanon.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cross-Sectional Assessment of Medication Adherence and Its Association With Community Pharmacy Experience and Patients' Satisfaction and Characteristics: Findings From the IMPHACT-LB Project.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Burnout among healthcare workers in Lebanon: a multicentred cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Community pharmacy services and patient quality of life in Lebanon's socioeconomic crisis: Findings from the IMPHACT-LB study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Assessing resilience in pharmacy education during the COVID-19 era.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Challenges and management of venomous bites and scorpion stings in Lebanon: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trends in global glucose lowering medication consumption: Insights from pharmaceutical sales data (2010-2021).PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Assessing the psychometric properties of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) in pharmacy students and academics in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Moderating effect of work fatigue on the association between resilience and posttraumatic stress symptoms: a cross-sectional multi-country study among pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2024Article
- The evolving Lebanese drug crisis: Trends in drug availability and affordability for common outpatient diseases from 2019 to 2023.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Community pharmacists like other health care professionals in Lebanon have been grappling with a series of multifaceted, country-wide and ongoing challenges that have formed the impetus for this research. We aimed to explore experiences of community pharmacists in Beirut, Lebanon, during three concurrent crises in 2020: the Lebanese financial crisis, COVID-19 pandemic and the Beirut Port explosion. Methods: A qualitative approach using a constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed. Between October 2020 and February 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposefully recruited community pharmacists working in Beirut. All interviews were conducted virtually, and data collected were analysed using inductive reasoning, with open coding and concept development. Results: Thirty-five participants (63% female, mean age 30) were interviewed online. Emergent categories and theoretical concepts included 1. painting the picture - pharmacists describing the context/setting; 2. impact of the crises - on community pharmacists, the profession, patients and the system; 3. response to the crises - of community pharmacists, the profession (+ practice), patients and the system; and 4. need for advocacy and leadership. A theory was developed about "unsustainable resilience" in the scheme of ongoing crises. Conclusions: The findings revealed a shared sense of futility and despair among pharmacists collectively as a profession, as well as a sense of unsustainable healthcare systems in Lebanon, and environments impacting on the resilience of pharmacists at an individual level. A call for action is needed for urgent sustainable structural and financial reforms, advocacy and planning for future resilient systems, as well as a resilient pharmacy profession and protection of pharmacists' wellbeing and livelihood.
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