Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36702998›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2023

APOBEC mutagenesis is a common process in normal human small intestine.

Yichen Wang, Philip S Robinson, Tim H H Coorens, Luiza Moore, Henry Lee-Six, Ayesha Noorani, Mathijs A Sanders, Hyunchul Jung, Riku Katainen, Robert Heuschkel and 12 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
17.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Squamous-state excursions activate APOBEC3A in cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Telomere Crisis Shapes Cancer Evolution.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Age distinguishes selection from causation in cancer genomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Yichen WangCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-7545
Philip S RobinsonCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-7159
Tim H H CoorensCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-3554
Luiza MooreCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-516X
Henry Lee-SixCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-8088
Ayesha NooraniCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Mathijs A SandersCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Hyunchul JungCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Riku KatainenApplied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Robert HeuschkelDepartment of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Roxanne Brunton-SimNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
Robyn WestonNIHR Clinical Research Network-East of England, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Debbie ReadNIHR Clinical Research Network-East of England, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Beverley NobbsNIHR Clinical Research Network-East of England, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Rebecca C FitzgeraldThe Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3434-3568
Kourosh Saeb-ParsyDepartment of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-3696
Iñigo MartincorenaCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1122-4416
Peter J CampbellCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-0510
Simon RushbrookNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
Matthias ZilbauerDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-0547
Simon James Alexander BuczackiNuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Michael R StrattonCancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. mrs@sanger.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-153X
Wellcome Sanger Institute · GBAddenbrooke's Hospital · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GBBroad Institute · USCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital · GBNuffield Orthopaedic Centre · GBUniversity of East Anglia · GBUniversity of Helsinki · FI

Funding

Cancer Research UK 21777Cancer Research UK C14094/A27178Cancer Research UK C57387/A21777Department of HealthMedical Research Council MR/T001917/1Medical Research Council MR/W014122/1Medical Research Council RG84369Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 206194Wellcome Trust WT088340MA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

APOBEC mutational signatures SBS2 and SBS13 are common in many human cancer types. However, there is an incomplete understanding of its stimulus, when it occurs in the progression from normal to cancer cell and the APOBEC enzymes responsible. Here we whole-genome sequenced 342 microdissected normal epithelial crypts from the small intestines of 39 individuals and found that SBS2/SBS13 mutations were present in 17% of crypts, more frequent than most other normal tissues. Crypts with SBS2/SBS13 often had immediate crypt neighbors without SBS2/SBS13, suggesting that the underlying cause of SBS2/SBS13 is cell-intrinsic. APOBEC mutagenesis occurred in an episodic manner throughout the human lifespan, including in young children. APOBEC1 mRNA levels were very high in the small intestine epithelium, but low in the large intestine epithelium and other tissues. The results suggest that the high levels of SBS2/SBS13 in the small intestine are collateral damage from APOBEC1 fulfilling its physiological function of editing APOB mRNA.

Indexed as

Apolipoproteins BCytidine DeaminaseAPOBEC-1 DeaminaseChildChild, PreschoolHumansIntestine, SmallMutagenesisRNA, MessengerAPOBEC-1 DeaminaseApolipoproteins BCytidine DeaminaseRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID36702998
PMCPMC9925384
OpenAlexW4318071512

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.