ArticleBMJ open2023
Relationship between ethnicity and stage at diagnosis in England: a national analysis of six cancer sites.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring ethnic differences in the distribution of blood test results in healthy adult populations to inform earlier cancer detection: a systematic review.Family practice · 2024Pooled it
- NHS-Galleri trial: Enriched enrolment approaches and sociodemographic characteristics of enrolled participants.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Patient-driven second opinions in oncology: a review.The oncologist · 2026Review
- Article
- Routes to cancer diagnosis for migrants in Denmark: a population-based nationwide cohort study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessing ethnic inequalities in diagnostic intervals of breast cancer among patients presenting symptoms to general practitioners in England.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Disparities in cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk after breast cancer: the Pathways Heart Study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Anaemia, ethnicity, and cancer incidence: a retrospective cohort study in primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Calcium and Albumin Blood Tests, Ethnicity, and Cancer Incidence in Primary Care in the UK.Cancers · 2025Article
- Communities against cancer: a qualitative study assessing the effectiveness of a community engagement initiative in improving cancer awareness for marginalised communities.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Racial disparities in prostate cancer in the UK and the USA: similarities, differences and steps forwards.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Seeing red..? Co-design of a culturally tailored uterine cancer awareness intervention for Asian and Black ethnic minority groups.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- When "One Size Fits All" Fits None: A Commentary on the Impacts of the"Draft Canadian Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines" on Racialized Populations in Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Inequalities in colorectal cancer diagnosis by ethnic group: a population-level study in the English National Health Service.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Inequalities in cancer 2-week-wait referrals: a cross-sectional study in English general practice.BJGP open · 2025Article
- You Need to Know: evaluation of a uterine cancer awareness campaign for Black and Asian ethnic minority women in North East London.BMJ public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCancer stage at diagnosis is a determinant of treatment options and survival. Previous research has shown differences in barriers to presentation with cancer between ethnic groups. The completeness and quality of cancer stage and ethnicity data has improved markedly over recent years in England, allowing for comparison of stage distributions at diagnosis between ethnic groups. This study aimed to assess relationships between ethnic group and two outcomes: unknown stage cancer and late stage (stages 3 and 4) cancer, after adjustment for confounders. DESIGN AND
settingA retrospective secondary data analysis using data from NHS Digital's National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service and Hospital Episode Statistics records from 2012 to 2016.
participantsThis study analysed newly diagnosed breast, colon, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovary, prostate and uterine cancers in white British, Caribbean, African, Chinese and Asian patients aged 15-99 in England.
resultsCaribbean, African and Asian women with breast or ovarian cancer, Caribbean and African women with uterine or colon cancer, Caribbean women with NSCLC and Caribbean men with colon cancer had increased odds of late-stage disease at diagnosis compared with the white British cohort. In contrast, Caribbean and African men with prostate cancer had decreased odds of late-stage cancer. Where stage was known, there were variations in late-stage cancer by ethnic group.
conclusionsLow symptom awareness and barriers to presentation can cause delays, resulting in later stage diagnosis. Targeted intervention campaigns to help raise awareness of cancer signs and symptoms and the benefits of early diagnosis, along with removing barriers to appropriate referrals, could help to improve these inequalities.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.