ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2023
Predictors, Disparities, and Facility-Level Variation: SGLT2 Inhibitor Prescription Among US Veterans With CKD.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Evidence Map of the Women Veterans' Health Literature, 2016 to 2023: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Dapagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease Across the Spectrum of Age and by Sex.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of a prognostic risk assessment for early-stage 1-3b diabetic kidney disease patients in the United States.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Low uptake and disparities in therapeutic inertia of cardiorenal protective diabetes medications for patients with type 2 diabetes and above-target hemoglobin A1c.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Burden of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Insulin-Treated Veterans Affairs Nursing Home Residents.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Observational
- Gender differences in the prescription of SGLT2 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease: A real-world database study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Review
- How to Leverage Implementation Science to Achieve Equity in Nephrology Care Delivery.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2025Article
- Overcoming Disparities in Using SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiorenal Protection in Persons With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Encouraging the prescribing of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA medications to reduce cardiovascular and renal risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial.American heart journal · 2025Article
- Population Health Management and Guideline-Concordant Care in CKD: A Secondary Analysis of Kidney Coordinated HeAlth Management Partnership.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes: the role of incretin mimetics and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with CKD: real-world experience in 93 Italian renal clinics.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Discontinuation in Patients with CKD.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Implementation of guideline-recommended organ-protective therapy in people with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or kidney disease: real-world evidence from a German University Hospital.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Chronic kidney disease in older adults: challenges and opportunities for the primary care provider.BMC primary care · 2024Review
- Relationship between health system quality and racial and ethnic equity in diabetes care.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Assessing the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in tertiary care: a SwissDiab Study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are recommended for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We evaluated factors associated with SGLT2 inhibitor prescription, disparities by race and sex, and facility-level variation in prescription patterns. STUDY
designRetrospective cohort. SETTING &
participantsA national sample of US veterans with comorbid T2DM, CKD, and ASCVD with a primary care visit between January 1 and December 31, 2020. EXPOSURE: Race, sex, and individual Veterans Affairs (VA) location. OUTCOME: SGLT2 inhibitor prescription. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations of race and sex with SGLT2 inhibitor prescription. Facility-level variation in SGLT2i prescription was quantified by median rate ratios (MRR), which express the likelihood that 2 randomly selected facilities differ in their use of SGLT2 inhibitor among similar patients.
resultsOf 174,443 patients with CKD, T2DM, and ASCVD, 20,024 (11.5%) were prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor. Lower odds of SGLT2 inhibitor prescription were seen in Black or African American patients compared with White patients (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.83-0.91]) and among women compared with men (OR, 0.59 [95% CI 0.52-0.67]). The adjusted MRR for SGLT2 inhibitor prescription was 1.58 (95% CI 1.48-1.67) in the total cohort, indicating an unexplained 58% variation in treatment between VA facilities, independent of patient and facility characteristics. Facility-level variation was evaluated among Black or African American patients (MRR, 1.55 [95% CI 1.41-1.68]), White patients (MRR, 1.57 [95% CI 1.47-1.66]), women (MRR, 1.40 [95% CI 1.28-1.51]), and men (MRR, 1.57 [95% CI 1.48-1.67]). LIMITATIONS: Albuminuria was not assessed.
conclusionsPrescription for SGLT2 inhibitors was low among likely eligible patients, with evident disparities by sex and race and between individual VA facilities. Efforts are needed to study and address the reasons for these disparities to improve equitable adoption of these important medications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.