ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2023
Low protease activity in B cell follicles promotes retention of intact antigens after immunization.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Failure of AIDS Vaccine Efficacy Trials: Where to Go from Here.Journal of virology · 2023Trial
- Germinal Center Selection and Plasma Cell Differentiation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- SSR4 Sustains Tertiary Lymphoid Structures by Regulation Quality Control of N-linked Glycosylation During B-cell Differentiation Into Plasmacyte in Colorectal Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Rapid boosting increases germinal center responses to sequential vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- pH-responsive in situ antigen capture and cytosolic delivery synergize to elicit robust systemic antitumor immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Multiple roads to IgE memory: A pluralistic model of IgE immunity.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Mannosylated nanoparticle immunogens enhance the circumsporozoite protein-specific B cell response and improve protection against sporozoite challenge.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Protective immunity against malaria by a nanoparticle CIS43-based junctional vaccine alone or in combination with R21.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Construction and evaluation of an engineered autonomously lysing Salmonella system coupled with self-assembled nanoparticles as a vaccine platform for antigen delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Local antibody feedback enforces a checkpoint on affinity maturation in the germinal center and promotes epitope spreading.Immunity · 2026Article
- Stabilization of the H5 clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin improves vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses in mice.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms for direct sensing of virus-like antigens by B cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- DNA origami vaccines program antigen-focused germinal centers.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- A stabilized tandem antigen chimera that elicits potent malaria transmission-reducing activity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles are key mediators for direct antigen transport to draining lymph nodes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Fluorinated lipid nanoparticles enable real-time tracking of mRNA delivery and uncover spatiotemporal mechanisms of immune activation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- "Double-duty" dendritic cells in Xenopus laevis: Early vertebrate splenic APCs resemble conventional dendritic cells and limit native antigen presentation to B cells during a humoral response.Molecular immunology · 2026Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The structural integrity of vaccine antigens is critical to the generation of protective antibody responses, but the impact of protease activity on vaccination in vivo is poorly understood. We characterized protease activity in lymph nodes and found that antigens were rapidly degraded in the subcapsular sinus, paracortex, and interfollicular regions, whereas low protease activity and antigen degradation rates were detected in the vicinity of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Correlated with these findings, immunization regimens designed to target antigen to FDCs led to germinal centers dominantly targeting intact antigen, whereas traditional immunizations led to much weaker responses that equally targeted the intact immunogen and antigen breakdown products. Thus, spatially compartmentalized antigen proteolysis affects humoral immunity and can be exploited.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.