ArticleJCI insight2023
An extended interval between vaccination and infection enhances hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article in JCI insight, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of a booster dose of aerosolized or intramuscular adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults: a multicenter, partially randomized, platform trial in China.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- SARS-Cov-2 vaccination strategies in hospitalized recovered COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial (VATICO Trial).Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Article
- Induction of mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2: a heterologous intramuscular mRNA-LNP prime/pulmonary recombinant subunit pull vaccination strategy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mechanisms underlying immunodynamics of layered defenses elicited by mRNA vaccination in children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Long-term immune profiling of COVID-19 recovered patients: effects of disease severity and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The impact of Omicron infection on antibody response and attenuation: a six-month follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Estimating the Optimal COVID-19 Booster Timing Using Surrogate Correlates of Protection: A Longitudinal Antibody Study in Naïve and Previously Infected Individuals.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike sequence-based distance as a marker of binding antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Dominant and cross-reactive S1-specific memory B cell response induced by primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune imprinting and vaccine interval determine antibody responses to monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccination.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Subgenomic RNA and Limited Cross-Reactive Neutralising Antibodies Point to Potential Improvements in SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Handling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunization route-mediated differences in long-term maturation of humoral immune response induced by adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccine Sputnik V in nonhuman primates.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Utility of compartmental models to test the competing hypotheses of pathogen evolution and human intervention.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Vaccination versus natural infection: A review of antibody differentiation techniques.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Improved antibody breadth with an extended primary dose interval of COVID-19 vaccine is overcome by boosters.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Enhanced mucosal SARS-CoV-2 immunity after heterologous intramuscular mRNA prime/intranasal protein boost vaccination with a combination adjuvant.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 will be important globally. Official weekly cases have not dropped below 2 million since September of 2020, and continued emergence of novel variants has created a moving target for our immune systems and public health alike. The temporal aspects of COVID-19 immunity, particularly from repeated vaccination and infection, are less well understood than short-term vaccine efficacy. In this study, we explored the effect of combined vaccination and infection, also known as hybrid immunity, and the timing thereof on the quality and quantity of antibodies elicited in a cohort of 96 health care workers. We found robust neutralizing antibody responses among those with hybrid immunity; these hybrid immune responses neutralized all variants, including BA.2. Neutralizing titers were significantly improved for those with longer vaccine-infection intervals of up to 400 days compared with those with shorter intervals. These results indicate that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses undergo continual maturation following primary exposure by either vaccination or infection for at least 400 days after last antigen exposure. We show that neutralizing antibody responses improved upon secondary boosting, with greater potency seen after extended intervals. Our findings may also extend to booster vaccine doses, a critical consideration in future vaccine campaign strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.