ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
CAR T cell therapy becomes CHIC: "cytokine help intensified CAR" T cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the clinical landscape of multifunctional CAR T cells: Targets, trends, and synergies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Applications of synthetic biology in biomedicine.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Emerging strategies to reduce the side effects of CAR-T cell therapy: focusing on gene editing and nanotechnology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Application of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors: current opportunities and challenges.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Novel Combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Allogenic Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Synergizes Therapeutic Outcomes in a Preclinical Human Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Challenges and strategies in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Advances in integrating biomaterials with CAR-T cells for enhancing solid tumor therapy.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Engineering adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- CAR T cell therapies in gastrointestinal cancers: current clinical trials and strategies to overcome challenges.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Transitioning from native to synthetic receptors: broadening T-cell engineering and beyond.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Targets for CAR Therapy in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advances in strategies to improve the immunotherapeutic efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for lymphoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Tracing the development of CAR-T cell design: from concept to next-generation platforms.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Engineering the next generation of CAR T- cells: precision modifications, logic gates and universal strategies to overcome exhaustion and tumor resistance.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Current strategies for armoring chimeric antigen receptor T-cells to overcome barriers of the solid tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Several factors that predict the outcome of large B-cell lymphoma patients who relapse/progress after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can be identified before cell administration.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Immune modulatory microRNAs in tumors, their clinical relevance in diagnosis and therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- UniCAR T-Cell Potency-A Matter of Affinity between Adaptor Molecules and Adaptor CAR T-Cells?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The potential and promise for clinical application of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for patients with advanced-stage melanoma.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in the canonical "second generation" format provide two signals for inducing T cell effector functions; the primary "signal-1" is provided through the TCR CD3ζ chain and the "signal-2" through a linked costimulatory domain to augment activation. While therapy with second generation CAR T cells can induce remissions of leukemia/lymphoma in a spectacular fashion, CAR T cell persistence is frequently limited which is thought to be due to timely limited activation. Following the "three-signal" dogma for inducing a sustained T cell response, cytokines were supplemented to provide "signal-3" to CAR T cells. Recent progress in the understanding of structural biology and receptor signaling has allowed to engineer cytokines for more selective, fine-tuned stimulation of CAR T cells including an artificial autocrine loop of a transgenic cytokine, a cytokine anchored to the CAR T cell membrane or inserted into the extracellular CAR domain, and a cytokine receptor signaling moiety co-expressed with the CAR or inserted into the CAR endodomain. Here we discuss the recent strategies and options for engineering such "cytokine help intensified CAR" (CHIC) T cells for use in adoptive cell therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.