ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Pre-clinical models for evaluating glioma targeted immunotherapies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Decoding glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity through mechanistic modeling: implications for clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Review
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (3H3MB) suppresses glioma growth and extends survival in mice.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- An oncolytic herpes simplex virus armed with IL-12 for treatment of preclinical glioblastoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Hyaluronic acid-based models of the brain microenvironment: Challenges and advances.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Opportunities in the translational pipeline for pediatric brain cancer therapies.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Advancing Medulloblastoma Therapy in Pediatrics: Integrative Molecular Classification and Emerging Treatments.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring the Role of Peripheral Macrophages in Glioma Progression: The Metabolic Significance of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evolution of Preclinical Models for Glioblastoma Modelling and Drug Screening.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Genetically Engineered Brain Organoids Recapitulate Spatial and Developmental States of Glioblastoma Progression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Potential of ex vivo organotypic slice cultures in neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- LAMB1 downregulation suppresses glioma progression by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis through regulation of the NF-κB/HK2 axis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap between tumor and disease: Innovating cancer and glioma models.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation: Novel concept for the treatment of glioblastoma and solid cancers by cytokine (interleukin-6) reduction, attenuating the SASP, enhancing tumor immunity.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Review
- Review
- Myeloid cells as potential targets for immunotherapy in pediatric gliomas.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition in the management of glioblastoma: Exploring a new frontier.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gliomas have an extremely poor prognosis in both adult and pediatric patient populations as these tumors are known to grow aggressively and respond poorly to standard of care treatment. Currently, treatment for gliomas involves surgical resection followed by chemoradiation therapy. However, some gliomas, such as diffuse midline glioma, have more limited treatment options such as radiotherapy alone. Even with these interventions, the prognosis for those diagnosed with a glioma remains poor. Immunotherapy is highly effective for some cancers and there is great interest in the development of effective immunotherapies for the treatment of gliomas. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapies targeted to gliomas have largely failed to date, and we believe this is partially due to the poor choice in pre-clinical mouse models that are used to evaluate these immunotherapies. A key consideration in evaluating new immunotherapies is the selection of pre-clinical models that mimic the glioma-immune response in humans. Multiple pre-clinical options are currently available, each one with their own benefits and limitations. Informed selection of pre-clinical models for testing can facilitate translation of more promising immunotherapies in the clinical setting. In this review we plan to present glioma cell lines and mouse models, as well as alternatives to mouse models, that are available for pre-clinical glioma immunotherapy studies. We plan to discuss considerations of model selection that should be made for future studies as we hope this review can serve as a guide for investigators as they choose which model is best suited for their study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.