ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022
3-day intervention program for family members of hikikomori sufferers: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well-being.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Failure to Launch (FTL): A Narrative Review and Call for Research.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Review
- Hikikomori in the urban digital era: a psychodynamic, transdiagnostic model and multimodal interventions.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Parental bonding and attachment in the hikikomori trajectory.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Contemporary Hermits: A Developmental Psychopathology Account of Extreme Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) in Young People.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2023Article
- 3-day intervention program for family members of hikikomori sufferers: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Backgrounds: Hikikomori, pathological social withdrawal, is becoming a crucial mental health issue in Japan and worldwide. We have developed a 3-day family intervention program for hikikomori sufferers based on Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) and Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of the 3-day program by a randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study was registered on the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000037289). Fifteen parents were assigned to the treat as usual (TAU) group (TAU only; Age Mean, 65.6; Results: Perceived skills improved temporally and stigma temporally worsened in the TAU group. Confidence decreased and attitude showed no change in both groups. Aggressive behaviors of hikikomori sufferers were significantly worsened in the Program group; however, no serious domestic violence was reported. In the TAU group, Avoidance and irregular life patterns were improved. Activity levels were worsened in both groups. Two participants (16.7%) in the Program group and one participant (7.7%) in the TAU group reported actual behavioral changes (e.g., utilizing support). Conclusion: We could not draw general conclusions on the effectiveness of the program due to the study discontinuation. Nevertheless, this study indicates the necessity for revision of the program to improve family members' confidence in engaging with hikikomori sufferers, with safer approaching by families.
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Registered trials
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