ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2022
Immune-mediated hepatitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Current updates and future perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of compound kushen injection on immune function in patients with primary liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Global assessment of hepatic safety in novel immunotherapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-PD-1/L1 antibody plus anti-VEGF antibodyExploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Immune-mediated liver injury caused by checkpoint inhibitors: A case series and review of the literature.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Hepatic and Pancreatobiliary Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Risk factors associated with cardiovascular hospital admissions and all-cause mortality in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Adults: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Pancreatitis Re-Classification with Novel Type AIP-4.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Phase 1b Study of Botensilimab and Balstilimab in Treatment-Refractory Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Where is the data? Delayed and chronic irAE surveillance and management after cessation of ICIs: expert insights from SITC on survivorship care and the need for long-term data.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-mediated Hepatotoxicity: Emerging Insights and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Liver Injury: A Critical Appraisal of Treatment and Rechallenge Controversies.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Hepatitis, an Emerging Issue in Precision Cancer Therapy Era: A Narrative Literature Review.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2026Review
- Dynamic peripheral immune monitoring during checkpoint blockade: a framework for interpreting response, toxicity and resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Real-world incidence of G3-G4 adverse events in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving immune-combinations (ARON-1).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- RUCAM-ascertained immunology and autoimmunity specifics of six idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury types with refined classification: their individual complex molecular interplay.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hepatic safety of sintilimab versus pembrolizumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective observational cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis mortality following surgery for colon or rectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Balancing act: Tapering mycophenolate mofetil in immune checkpoint inhibitor hepatitis-strategies, outcomes, and risks.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable achievements. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used successfully in several types of cancer in the past decade. However, expanded indication and increased use of Immune checkpoint inhibitors have resulted in increased reports of toxicity called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Due to the unique immunological characteristics of the liver, a hepatic immune-related adverse events has also been reported, which is usually termed Immune-mediated hepatitis (IMH). So far, it is generally considered that the mechanism of IMH induced by Immune checkpoint inhibitors is mainly the overactivation of T cells. It has been reported that the incidence of IMH ranges from 1% to 15%. Because of the lack of specific markers, a diagnosis of exclusion of IMH is critical. Although most IMH is mild and recoverable, several death cases have been reported, which has been increasingly concerned. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis of IMH caused by Immune checkpoint inhibitors. It also discusses the controversial issues in IMH, such as the role of liver biopsy, grading criteria, risk factors, rational treatment strategies with steroids, and the timing of Immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenging, which may provide helpful information for IMH in future clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.