ReviewEuropean clinical respiratory journal2023
Vaccine effectiveness of the pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines in elderly and high-risk populations in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic search and meta-analysis.
Review in European clinical respiratory journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in reducing hospitalization and mortality among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- A multicentre case-control study about effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination against pneumonia hospitalization in at-risk adults.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Strategies for Older Adults in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Expert Consensus and Recommendations.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Factors associated with willingness to accept pneumococcal vaccine based on the Health Belief Model among the elderly (≥60 years) living in Klang Valley, Malaysia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Trends and determinants of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine revaccination among older adults in Shanghai, China, 2013-2023: A database-based study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against medically attended pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection among older adults: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends of serotypes and resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland (1999-2019).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Saudi Heart Association Position Statement on Adult Vaccinations for Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2025Article
- Article
- World Pneumonia Day: Why Do We Still Need It?American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Follow-Up Study of Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Against All-Type and Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Denmark.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Vaccine uptake, associated factors and reasons for vaccination status among the South African elderly; findings and next steps.PloS one · 2024Article
- The role of vaccination in COPD: influenza, SARS-CoV-2, pneumococcus, pertussis, RSV and varicella zoster virus.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, the literature on the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and 13-valent conjugated vaccine (PCV13) against IPD in adults is sparse. The aim was to summarize the available evidence on the VE of the PPV23 and the PCV13 in elderly individuals against IPD and to investigate how age and comorbidities influence VE against IPD.
methodsA systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase in February 2021. We used combinations of terms related to PPV23, PCV13, elderly, high-risk populations, and IPD. Eligible articles published since 2010 were included. Two authors reviewed and extracted data.
resultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria for PPV23. The meta-analysis showed a reduced OR for all-type IPD with the use of PPV23 vaccine compared with unvaccinated controls (OR 0.69; 95%CI 0.54, 0.88) and a reduced OR for vaccine-type IPD compared with non-vaccine type IPD (0.69; 95%CI 0.63, 0.76). VE against vaccine-type IPD ranged from 28% to 54.1% for individuals aged 65-79 and from 7.5% to 34% for those aged ≥80-85 years. Most studies found a lower VE of PPV23 in populations with comorbidities and in immunocompromised populations compared with the VE for individuals without comorbidities.One study met the inclusion criteria for PCV13. The vaccine efficacy of PCV13 against IPD in individuals aged ≥65 was 75.0% (95% CI, 41.4 to 90.8).
conclusionThe results from this review show a reduction of IPD in elderly and high-risk populations vaccinated with PPV23 and PCV13. The protective effect may be lower in elderly individuals aged >80 and in individuals with comorbidities. However, the literature is sparse; large-scale prospective studies are required to evaluate the VE of PPV23 and PCV13 vaccination in adults against IPD.
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