Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36698206›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2023

Study protocol of an investigation of attention and prediction error as mechanisms of action for latent inhibition of dental fear in humans.

Laura D Seligman, Andrew L Geers, Lauren Kramer, Kelly S Clemens, Keenan A Pituch, Ben Colagiuri, Hilary A Marusak, Christine A Rabinak, Natalie Turner, Michael Nedley

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Laura D SeligmanDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA. Laura.seligman@utrgv.edu.
Andrew L GeersDepartment of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Lauren KramerDepartment of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Kelly S ClemensDepartment of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Keenan A PituchEdson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Ben ColagiuriDepartment of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Hilary A MarusakDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Christine A RabinakDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Natalie TurnerDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
Michael NedleyDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
University of Toledo · USWayne State University · USArizona State University · USThe University of Sydney · AUThe University of Texas Rio Grande Valley · US

Funding

Identifying the mechanisms of latent inhibition to prevent dental fearR01DE031117 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RIO GRANDE VALLEY · PI GEERS, ANDREW L, SELIGMAN, LAURA D · 2021 to 2023
$1.3M
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE031117NIDCR NIH HHS R01DE031117
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvidence suggests that dental anxiety and phobia are frequently the result of direct associative fear conditioning but that pre-exposure to dental stimuli prior to conditioning results in latent inhibition of fear learning. The mechanisms underlying the pre-exposure effect in humans, however, are poorly understood. Moreover, pain sensitivity has been linked to dental fear conditioning in correlational investigations and theory suggests it may moderate the latent inhibition effect, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. These gaps in our understanding are a barrier to the development of evidence-based dental phobia prevention efforts.

methodsHealthy volunteers between the ages of 6 and 35 years will be enrolled across two sites. Participants will complete a conditioning task in a novel virtual reality environment, allowing for control over pre-exposure and the examination of behaviour. A dental startle (a brief, pressurized puff of air to a tooth) will serve as the unconditioned stimulus. Using a within-subjects experimental design, participants will experience a pre-exposed to-be conditioned stimulus, a non-pre-exposed to-be conditioned stimulus, and a neutral control stimulus. Two hypothesized mechanisms, changes in prediction errors and attention, are expected to mediate the association between stimulus condition and fear acquisition, recall, and retention. To ascertain the involvement of pain sensitivity, this construct will be measured through self-report and the cold pressor task. DISCUSSION: Dental phobia negatively affects the dental health and overall health of individuals. This study aims to determine the mechanisms through which pre-exposure retards conditioned dental fear acquisition, recall, and retention. A randomized control trial will be used to identify these mechanisms so that they can be precisely targeted and maximally engaged in preventative efforts.

Indexed as

Dental AnxietyMemoryAdolescentAdultAttentionChildHumansLearningMulticenter Studies as TopicPainRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicYoung AdultDental phobiaEye trackingFear learningLatent inhibitionPain sensitivityPre-exposureVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID36698206
PMCPMC9875450
OpenAlexW4317934399

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.