Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36697634›Full record

ArticleCommunications chemistry2021

Accurate absolute free energies for ligand-protein binding based on non-equilibrium approaches.

Vytautas Gapsys, Ahmet Yildirim, Matteo Aldeghi, Yuriy Khalak, David van der Spoel, Bert L de Groot

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Ligand-Binding Free Energy Simulations of Membrane Proteins.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Nonequilibrium Binding Free Energy Simulations: Minimizing Dissipation.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Vytautas GapsysComputational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany. vgapsys@gwdg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-7780
Ahmet YildirimDepartment of Physics, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-0288
Matteo AldeghiVector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada.
Yuriy KhalakComputational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
David van der SpoelUppsala Centre for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Bert L de GrootComputational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany. bgroot@gwdg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3570-3534

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The accurate calculation of the binding free energy for arbitrary ligand-protein pairs is a considerable challenge in computer-aided drug discovery. Recently, it has been demonstrated that current state-of-the-art molecular dynamics (MD) based methods are capable of making highly accurate predictions. Conventional MD-based approaches rely on the first principles of statistical mechanics and assume equilibrium sampling of the phase space. In the current work we demonstrate that accurate absolute binding free energies (ABFE) can also be obtained via theoretically rigorous non-equilibrium approaches. Our investigation of ligands binding to bromodomains and T4 lysozyme reveals that both equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches converge to the same results. The non-equilibrium approach achieves the same level of accuracy and convergence as an equilibrium free energy perturbation (FEP) method enhanced by Hamiltonian replica exchange. We also compare uni- and bi-directional non-equilibrium approaches and demonstrate that considering the work distributions from both forward and reverse directions provides substantial accuracy gains. In summary, non-equilibrium ABFE calculations are shown to yield reliable and well-converged estimates of protein-ligand binding affinity.

Identifiers

PMID36697634
PMCPMC9814727

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.