ArticlePloS one2023
External validation of VO2max prediction models based on recreational and elite endurance athletes.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Echinacea Supplementation Does Not Impact Aerobic Capacity and Erythropoiesis in Athletes: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- VOeLife · 2023Trial
- Peak Oxygen Uptake Prediction From Resting and Submaximal Variables of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Monitoring of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Athletes - State-of-the-Art Review.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Review
- Phytochemicals as Emerging Antiproliferative Agents in Head and Neck Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Exploring Methods of Adjusting VOObesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Direct Versus Indirect Submaximal VOJournal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Validity of a ramp protocol based on whole-body climbing-specific exercise for peak oxygen uptake in physically active adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nonexercise Estimation of V̇OEuropean journal of sport science · 2025Article
- V̇OInternational journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Specificity and Areas of Usage of Cardiovascular Prediction Models Among Athletes-State-of-the-art Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Highest oxygen consumption prediction: introducing variable theoretical proportional factors for different sports.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Optimizing the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Endurance Athletes: Precision Approach for Health and Performance.Translational sports medicine · 2025Review
- Recalibrated FRIEND equation for peak oxygen pulse is accurate in endurance athletes: the NOODLE study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Oxygen uptake efficiency plateau is unaffected by fitness level - the NOODLE study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Is the Ventilatory Efficiency in Endurance Athletes Different?-Findings from the NOODLE Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Below or all the way to the peak? Oxygen uptake efficiency slope as the index of cardiorespiratory response to exercise-the NOODLE study.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Comparison of VOSports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Validity of the Maximal Heart Rate Prediction Models among Runners and Cyclists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, numerous prognostic models have been developed to predict VO2max. Nevertheless, their accuracy in endurance athletes (EA) stays mostly unvalidated. This study aimed to compare predicted VO2max (pVO2max) with directly measured VO2max by assessing the transferability of the currently available prediction models based on their R2, calibration-in-the-large, and calibration slope. 5,260 healthy adult EA underwent a maximal exertion cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) (84.76% male; age 34.6±9.5 yrs.; VO2max 52.97±7.39 mL·min-1·kg-1, BMI 23.59±2.73 kg·m-2). 13 models have been selected to establish pVO2max. Participants were classified into four endurance subgroups (high-, recreational-, low- trained, and "transition") and four age subgroups (18-30, 31-45, 46-60, and ≥61 yrs.). Validation was performed according to TRIPOD guidelines. pVO2max was low-to-moderately associated with direct CPET measurements (p>0.05). Models with the highest accuracy were for males on a cycle ergometer (CE) (Kokkinos R2 = 0.64), females on CE (Kokkinos R2 = 0.65), males on a treadmill (TE) (Wasserman R2 = 0.26), females on TE (Wasserman R2 = 0.30). However, selected models underestimated pVO2max for younger and higher trained EA and overestimated for older and lower trained EA. All equations demonstrated merely moderate accuracy and should only be used as a supplemental method for physicians to estimate CRF in EA. It is necessary to derive new models on EA populations to include routinely in clinical practice and sports diagnostic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.