ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2023
Soy-Based Infant Formula Feeding and Uterine Fibroid Development in a Prospective Ultrasound Study of Black/African-American Women.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure disrupts uterine epithelial apical-basal polarity and partial EMT state.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Soy Protein-Based Infant Formula Feeding Association with Adolescent Growth, Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Health, and Pubertal Development in Comparison with Cow's Milk-Based Infant Formula and Human Milk Feeding.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures and uterine leiomyomata in the study of environment, lifestyle and fibroids (SELF).Chemosphere · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUterine fibroids are highly prevalent, benign tumors. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and Black women are disproportionally burdened. Soy-based infant formula contains phytoestrogens, and exposure during sensitive developmental windows may adversely affect the developing uterus; early phytoestrogen treatment in rodent studies led to detrimental uterine effects, including increased fibroid risk in Eker rats. Limited epidemiological studies also have suggested increased fibroid development with soy formula infant feeding.
objectiveThe goal of this study was to examine the association between soy formula feeding in infancy and fibroid development in adulthood.
methodsWe evaluated this association among 1,610 Black/African-American women age 23-35 y in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle & Fibroids (SELF). Soy formula feeding data was gathered directly from the participants' mothers (89%). A standardized ultrasound examination was conducted during 4 clinic visits over 5 y to detect fibroids
resultsOf 1,121 fibroid-free participants at baseline, 150 (13%) were ever fed soy formula as infants, and 269 (24%) developed incident fibroids. We did not observe an association between ever being fed soy formula and incident fibroid risk ( DISCUSSION: Adding support to limited human data, this prospective fibroid study found that soy-based formula feeding during infancy was associated with a suggestive increase in risk of ultrasound-identified incident fibroids in adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11089.
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