Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36695662›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2023

Absolute and Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Primary and Booster Series of COVID-19 Vaccines (mRNA and Adenovirus Vector) Against COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States, December 2021-April 2022.

Nathaniel M Lewis, Nancy Murray, Katherine Adams, Diya Surie, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A Ginde, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, David J Douin, H Keipp Talbot and 48 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

58 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.

Nathaniel M LewisCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-9640
Nancy MurrayCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Katherine AdamsCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Diya SurieCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Manjusha GaglaniBaylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-9230
Adit A GindeDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Tresa McNealBaylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA.
Shekhar GhamandeBaylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA.
David J DouinDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
H Keipp TalbotDepartments of Medicine and Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Jonathan D CaseyDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Nicholas M MohrDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Anne ZepeskiDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Nathan I ShapiroDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kevin W GibbsDepartment of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
D Clark FilesDepartment of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
David N HagerDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Harith AliDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Matthew E PrekkerDepartment of Emergency Medicine and Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Anne E FroschDepartment of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Matthew C ExlineDepartment of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Michelle N GongDepartment of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Amira MohamedDepartment of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Nicholas J JohnsonDepartment of Emergency Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Vasisht SrinivasanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jay S SteingrubDepartment of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
Ithan D PeltanDepartment of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Samuel M BrownDepartment of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Emily T MartinSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Arnold S MontoSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Adam S LauringDepartments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Akram KhanDepartment of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Catherine L HoughDepartment of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Laurence W BusseDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
William BenderDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Abhijit DuggalDepartment of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Jennifer G WilsonDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Alexandra June GordonDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Nida QadirDepartment of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Steven Y ChangDepartment of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Christopher MallowDepartment of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Carolina RivasDepartment of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Hilary M BabcockDepartment of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Jennie H KwonDepartment of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
James D ChappellDepartment of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Natasha HalasaDepartment of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Carlos G GrijalvaDepartment of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Todd W RiceDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7136-5408
William B StubblefieldDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Adrienne BaughmanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Christopher J LindsellDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Kimberly W HartDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Jillian P RhoadsVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Meredith L McMorrowCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Mark W TenfordeCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Wesley H SelfDepartment of Emergency Medicine and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Manish M PatelCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
Vanderbilt University Medical Center · USCDC Foundation · USJohns Hopkins University · USBaylor Scott & White Health · USOregon Health & Science University · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USEmory University · USHennepin County Medical Center · USStanford University · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Iowa · USUniversity of Miami · USUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Utah · USUniversity of Washington · USWake Forest University · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · USWashington University in St. Louis · USBaystate Medical Center · USCleveland Clinic · US

Funding

Memory T follicular helper cell kinetics and localization during recall immune responses to tetanus vaccinationK08AI141761 · NIAID · HENNEPIN HEALTHCARE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI FROSCH, ANNE ELIZABETH PARKER · 2019 to 2023
$984k
Bag-Mask Ventilation to PreVent Hypoxemia during Tracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department: A Clinical TrialK23HL153584 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI CASEY, JONATHAN DALE · 2020 to 2024
$900k
Prehospital Activation of ED Teams to Improve Sepsis CareK23GM129661 · NIGMS · IHC HEALTH SERVICES, INC. · PI PELTAN, ITHAN DANIEL · 2019 to 2023
$786k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL153584NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI141761NIGMS NIH HHS K23 GM129661
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are increasingly reporting relative VE (rVE) comparing a primary series plus booster doses with a primary series only. Interpretation of rVE differs from traditional studies measuring absolute VE (aVE) of a vaccine regimen against an unvaccinated referent group. We estimated aVE and rVE against COVID-19 hospitalization in primary-series plus first-booster recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: Booster-eligible immunocompetent adults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in the United States during December 25, 2021-April 4, 2022 were included. In a test-negative design, logistic regression with case status as the outcome and completion of primary vaccine series or primary series plus 1 booster dose as the predictors, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate aVE and rVE. Results: A total of 2060 patients were analyzed, including 1104 COVID-19 cases and 956 controls. Relative VE against COVID-19 hospitalization in boosted mRNA vaccine recipients versus primary series only was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55%-74%); aVE was 81% (95% CI, 75%-86%) for boosted versus 46% (95% CI, 30%-58%) for primary. For boosted Janssen vaccine recipients versus primary series, rVE was 49% (95% CI, -9% to 76%); aVE was 62% (95% CI, 33%-79%) for boosted versus 36% (95% CI, -4% to 60%) for primary. Conclusions: Vaccine booster doses increased protection against COVID-19 hospitalization compared with a primary series. Comparing rVE measures across studies can lead to flawed interpretations of the added value of a new vaccination regimen, whereas difference in aVE, when available, may be a more useful metric.

Indexed as

absolute vaccine effectivenessbooster vaccine seriesCOVID-19primary vaccine seriesrelative vaccine effectiveness

Identifiers

PMID36695662
PMCPMC9868348
OpenAlexW4313325008

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.