ArticleWorld journal of surgical oncology2023
Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) or skin flap ischemia necrosis post nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM)-analysis of clinicopathologic factors and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.
Article in World journal of surgical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of perioperative hypothermia on surgical site infection risk: a meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: An Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) Clinical Practice Guideline.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Guideline
- Oncological, surgical, and cosmetic outcomes of endoscopic versus conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy: meta-analysis.BJS open · 2025Pooled it
- Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy in breast cancer: current evidence, technical considerations, and clinical outcomes.Updates in surgery · 2026Review
- Minimal-access Nipple-sparing Mastectomy With Prepectoral Direct-to-implant Breast Reconstruction Without Acellular Dermal Matrix or Synthetic Mesh.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Balancing Risk and Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Review of Complications in Delayed Breast Reconstruction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Postoperative Outcomes of Single-Port Robot-Assisted Versus Conventional Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- The current status and hot topics of endoscopic techniques in breast cancer surgery: a global bibliometric and visualization analysis (1999-2024).Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Does Breast Implant Size Larger Than Mastectomy Specimen Size Increase the Risk of Flap Necrosis?Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Off-Label Sildenafil Citrate as a Rescue Therapy for Areolar Venous Congestion Post-Breast Reduction: Case Series and Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Towards Standardized Language to Describe the Pathological Enhancement of the Nipple in NAC-Infiltrating Breast Tumors: A Retrospective Case Series Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing aesthetic outcomes of different incision types for nipple-sparing mastectomy followed by radiation therapy in prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction: a retrospective study.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Surgical Outcomes and Oncological Results of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction Through a Single Axillary Incision with Different Approach Methods.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Impact of Mastectomy Flap Necrosis on Patient-Reported Quality-of-Life Measures After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: A Preliminary Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Reverse-sequence endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate implant-based breast reconstruction: an improvement of conventional minimal access breast surgery.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Safety and aesthetic outcomes of double purse-string suture nipple reconstruction in early breast cancer patients undergoing nipple resection and endoscopic skin-sparing mastectomy with breast reconstruction.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Factors associated with alteration of nipple or skin sensation and impact of duration of time following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM): an analysis of 460 cases with comparison of conventional versus endoscopic- or robotic-assisted NSM.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study is to identify clinicopathologic factors and/or preoperative MRI vascular patterns in the prediction of ischemia necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) or skin flap post nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM).
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 441 NSM procedures from January 2011 to September 2021 from the breast cancer database at our institution. The ischemia necrosis of NAC or skin flap was evaluated in correlation with clinicopathologic factors and types of skin incision. Patients who received NSM with preoperative MRI evaluation were further evaluated for the relationship between vascular pattern and the impact on ischemia necrosis of NAC or skin flap.
resultsA total of 441 cases with NSM were enrolled in the current study, and the mean age of the cases was 49.1 ± 9.8 years old. A total of 41 (9.3%) NSM procedures were found to have NAC ischemia/necrosis. Risk factors were evaluated of which old age, large mastectomy specimen weight (> 450 g), and peri-areola incision were identified as predictors of NAC necrosis. Two-hundred seventy NSM procedures also received preoperative MRI, and the blood supply pattern was 18% single-vessel type and 82% double-vessel pattern. There were no correlations between MRI blood supply patterns or types of skin flap incisions with ischemia necrosis of NAC. There were also no correlations between blood loss and the pattern or size of the blood vessel.
conclusionFactors such as the type of skin incision, age, and size of mastectomy weight played an important role in determining ischemia necrosis of NAC; however, MRI vascular (single or dual vessel supply) pattern was not a significant predictive factor.
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