ArticleBMC women's health2023
Factors associated with fear of childbirth in a subsequent pregnancy: a nationwide case-control analysis in Finland.
Article in BMC women's health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The tokophobia severity scale: a psychometric multicountry study with childbearing-age women.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, related factors, and outcomes of fear of childbirth in pregnant women visiting health centers in Tabriz, Iran: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fear of childbirth and its relationship with the attitude toward child bearing: A descriptive-analytical study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- The relationship between fear of birth and prenatal attachment and childbirth self-efficacy perception in Primigravida women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Fear of Childbirth After Major Orthopedic Traumas: A Nationwide Multi-Register Analysis.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Fear of childbirth in primipara women and its correlation with premenstrual syndrome: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Fear of childbirth prolongs interpregnancy interval: A nationwide register-based quantile logistic regression analysis.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2024Article
- Fear of childbirth and its determinants in pregnant women in the third trimester: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFear of childbirth can develop due to the concerns or adverse maternal or foetal outcomes experienced in a previous pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the main risk factors associated with the development of fear of childbirth during subsequent pregnancies and deliveries.
methodsIn this case-control study, data from the National Medical Birth Register were used to evaluate the events in previous pregnancies that were potential risk factors for fear of childbirth in subsequent pregnancies. The first and second pregnancies of women registered during our study period (2004-2018) were included. The exposure variable was delivery mode, obstetric challenge or adverse neonatal outcomes during the first pregnancy. The outcome was the development of FOC during the second pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs were used for comparison.
resultsA total of 13 064 pregnancies were included in the case group and 195 351 in the control group. Previous emergency caesarean section was the strongest risk factor for the development of FOC in the second pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 5.27, CIs 4.83-5.75). In addition, unplanned CS (adjusted odds ratio 3.93, CIs 3.77-4.10) and vacuum delivery (adjusted odds ratio 1.69, CIs 1.61-1.77) also increased the odds of fear of childbirth. Of the obstetric complications, third- or fourth-degree tear of the perineum was the strongest risk factor (adjusted odds ratio 2.99, CIs 2.69-3.31), followed by shoulder dystocia (adjusted odds ratio 2.82, CIs 2.16-3.62). Neonatal mortality also increased the odds for the development of FOC (adjusted odds ratio 2.17, CIs 1.77-2.64).
conclusionThe main risk factors for the development of fear of childbirth in the second pregnancy were previous fear of childbirth, unplanned CS, vacuum delivery, perineal tear or shoulder dystocia. The results of this study can be used in a clinical setting to improve the prevention of fear of childbirth.
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