ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
Effects of antipsychotic and anticholinergic medications on cognition in chronic patients with schizophrenia.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of selected second and third generation antipsychotics on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Systematic review and network meta-analysis.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the relationships between cognition and auditory hallucinations: A systematic review.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Diazepam modulates hippocampal CA1 functional connectivity in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis.Psychological medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- HbA1c and Cognitive Functioning Across Bipolar Disorder, Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder, and Schizophrenia: Findings from a Non-Diabetic Sample.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Multivariate relationships between social cognitive performance and functional connectivity during task and rest across schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Antipsychotic dose is not associated with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia aged under 40: a cross-sectional observational study with retrospective dose estimation.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Article
- Executive functioning in schizophrenia using a novel virtual reality-simulated workplace: validity, test-retest reliability, and links to competitive employment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationship between Toll-like receptor activity, low-grade inflammation, cognitive deficits, and antipsychotic drug dose in schizophrenia patients: a moderation analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- The Association Between Psychotropic Medications and Cognitive Functioning in a Real-World Cohort of 869 Individuals with Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Negative association between cognitive functioning and antipsychotic DPsychological medicine · 2026Article
- Improving care for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: current perspectives and opportunities in Portugal (a consensus development conference).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Impact of Pre-existing Psychiatric Conditions on Trauma Outcomes: A National Analysis.HCA healthcare journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Reduced serum Klotho in chronic schizophrenia: diagnostic value and association with cognitive impairment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Design, Spectral Insights, and Enhanced Antioxidant Potential of Novel Phenothiazine DerivativesAnti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- From Falls to Frontal Lobe Dysfunction: A Case Report on the Neurodevelopmental Impact of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.Case reports in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Medication Use Patterns, Polypharmacy, and Potentially Inappropriate Medications among Institutionalized Older Adults in East Coast Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of research in pharmacy practice · 2026Article
- Machine learning helps predict early onset psychosis with serum protein biomarkers, neuropsychometry, and clinicodemographic data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Differences in emotion recognition between nonimmersive versus immersive virtual reality: preliminary findings in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients with psychosis frequently use a variety of psychotropic medicines, many of which have anticholinergic effects that can impair cognition. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between medications used for neuropsychological disorders/symptoms and cognition in patients with schizophrenia, focusing on their anticholinergic load and antipsychotic doses. STUDY
designA cross-sectional study between July 2019 and Mars 2020 at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross-Lebanon enrolled 120 inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The total anticholinergic burden was calculated based on the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), and the chlorpromazine equivalent dose was calculated using the Andreasen method to assess the relative antipsychotic dose. Also, the objective cognition was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) tool. STUDY
resultsA significantly higher BACS total score (r = -0.33, p < 0.001), higher verbal memory (r = -0.26, p = 0.004), higher working memory (r = -0.20, p = 0.03), higher motor speed (r = -0.36, p < 0.001), and higher attention and speed of information processing (r = -0.27, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower chlorpromazine equivalent dose. Higher ADS (Standardized Beta (SB) = -.22; p = .028), higher chlorpromazine equivalent dose (SB = -.30; p = .001), and taking mood stabilizer medications (SB = -.24; p = .004) were significantly associated with lower cognition.
conclusionThis study confirms that the cognitive functions of chronic patients with schizophrenia may be affected by medications and their anticholinergic burden. More studies are needed to explain the role of cholinergic neurotransmission and general neurochemical mechanisms in the cognitive impairment of patients with schizophrenia.
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