ArticlePloS one2023
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages as a significant prognostic factor in biliary tract cancer.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Conversion therapy for biliary tract cancer: redefining survival through selection, response, and resectability.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
- The Landscape of Genomic Alterations in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathways in Biliary Cancers: Implications for Targeted Therapies.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Article
- Immunoscore: redefining the landscape of colorectal cancer control and care.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Advancing biliary tract malignancy treatment: emerging frontiers in cell-based therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Survival benefit and biomarker of PD-1 inhibitor combination therapy in first-line of advanced biliary tract cancer: A retrospective study.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on the prognosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is not completely understood. Therefore, in our study, we investigated the effects of the various immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME).
methodsA total of 130 patients with BTC who underwent surgical treatment at our institution were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively evaluated TILs and TAMs with immunohistochemical staining.
resultsWith CD8-high, CD4-high, FOXP3-high, and CD68-low in TME as one factor, we calculated Immunoscore according to the number of factors. The high Immunoscore group showed significantly superior overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than the low Immunoscore group (median OS, 60.8 vs. 26.4 months, p = 0.001; median RFS not reached vs. 17.2 months, p < 0.001). Also, high Immunoscore was an independent good prognostic factor for OS and RFS (hazards ratio 2.05 and 2.41 and p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively).
conclusionsHigh Immunoscore group had significantly superior OS and RFS and was an independent good prognostic factor for OS and RFS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.