ArticleChronobiology international2023
Distribution of working hour characteristics by race, age, gender, and shift schedule among U.S. manufacturing workers.
Article in Chronobiology international, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Night Shift Work Associated with Ovarian Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- A Scoping Review of Eating Behaviors Associated with Weight Status in Black American Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Night shift work and dietary behaviors: a comparative analysis of European night shift and day workers from the SHIFT2HEALTH online survey.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Clocking immunity: circadian modulation of NK cells and emerging timing perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Developing an inclusive approach to fNIRS research in women of color.Neurophotonics · 2026Article
- Hypertension and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Outcomes among Adults in the 2011-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.American journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Review
- The relationship between shift work, sleep, and work hours on wellbeing.Industrial health · 2025Article
- Night shift work and breast cancer risk - 2023 update of epidemiologic evidence.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Review
- Next generation brain health: transforming global research and public health to promote prevention of dementia and reduce its risk in young adult populations.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2024Review
- Concurrent Trajectories of Objectively Measured Insufficient Recovery and Workload Among a Cohort of Shift Working Hospital Employees: Quantitative Empirical Research.Nursing open · 2024Article
- Circadian disruptions and their role in the development of hypertension.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Prevalence of night work in the Brazilian employed population.Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho : publicacao oficial da Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho-ANAMTArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Shift work is a common occupational exposure, however, few studies have examined aspects of shift work beyond night work and long hours, such as rotational patterns or weekend work, which may contribute to poor health through disruption of the body's circadian rhythms. In this manuscript, we calculated the prevalence of working hour characteristics using algorithms for type (e.g., day), duration, intensity, rotational direction, and social aspects (e.g., weekend work) in a nationwide cohort of American manufacturing workers (N = 23,044) between 2003 and 2014. Distributions of working hour characteristics were examined by schedules (e.g., permanent day, day/night) and demographics, and were cross-classified in a matrix to examine co-occurrence. Approximately 55% of shifts may cause circadian rhythm disruption as they were non-day shifts or day shifts with a quick return or rotation, or were 13 h or longer. Older workers, female workers, and White workers worked permanent day shifts most often, while workers of color worked more day/night schedules. Night and evening shifts had more frequent shift rotations, quick returns, and longer hours than day shifts. Yet, day shifts, which are presumed to have little negative circadian impact, may cause circadian rhythm disruption as long hours, quick returns and rotations also occurred within day shifts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.