ArticleBMJ open2022
Risk factors for infections after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): a retrospective cohort analysis of US Medicare Fee-For-Service claims, 2015-2021.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic and Clinical Performance of Single-Use Versus Reusable Gastrointestinal Endoscopes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Pooled it
- Prophylactic Antibiotics Reduce Infectious Complications After ERCP in Patients with Suspected Biliary Obstruction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Role of antibiotic prophylaxis in liver transplant patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Digestive Endoscopy-Associated Infections: Bacterial Pathogens, Host Susceptibility, and the Impact of Viral Hepatitis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Single-use versus reusable endoscopes in gastroenterology: Systematic review of full and partial economic evaluations.Endoscopy international open · 2025Review
- Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales sepsis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality and the development of a nomogram based on a retrospective cohort.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Article
- The economic burden of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure infections in Italy.Global & regional health technology assessmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveContaminated reprocessed duodenoscopes pose a serious threat to patients in the endoscopy unit. Despite manufacturer changes to reprocessing guidelines, 20% of reprocessed duodenoscopes meet criteria for quarantine-level contamination based on microbiological or ATP testing. We aimed to examine risk factors for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) infection.
designRetrospective cohort analysis.
settingUS Medicare Fee-For-Service claims (2015-2021) and all-payer data (2017).
participantsIn the Medicare data, 823 575 ERCP procedures were included. The all-payer five-state data, 16 609 procedures were included.
interventionsERCP was identified by Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Disease (ICD) procedure codes. We identified inpatient infections using ICD diagnosis codes. OUTCOME MEASURES: A logistic regression model predicted risk factors for infections occurring within 7-day and 30-day periods following ERCP. 7-day and 30-day all-cause hospitalisations and post-ERCP pancreatitis were also examined.
resultsPost-ERCP infection occurred within 3.5% of 7-day and 7.7% of 30-day periods in Medicare. Disposable duodenoscopes were billed in 711 procedures, with 1.4% (n=10, 7-day) and 3.5% (n=25, 30-day) post-ERCP infections. Urgent ERCPs were the strongest risk factor for infections in the 7-day period (OR 3.3, 95% CI 3.2 to 3.4). Chronic conditions, sex (male), age (older) and race (non-white) were also risk factors. In the all-payer five-state data, fewer infections (2.4%, 7 days) were observed. No difference arose between Medicare and other payers for 7-day period infections (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.3).
conclusionsUrgent ERCPs, patient chronic conditions and patient demographics are post-ERCP infection risk factors. Patients with infection risk factors should be targeted for specialised infection control prevention measures, including disposable duodenoscopes.
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