ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023
Rates of and factors associated with exclusive and any breastfeeding at six months in Canada: an analysis of population-based cross-sectional data.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bidirectional associations between maternal depressive symptomatology and parenting: moderating effects of breastfeeding and partner support.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Article
- Effect of antenatal colostrum expression teaching on breastfeeding practices and birth outcomes: a retrospective case-control chart review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Tailoring the Baby-Friendly Community Initiative to create a positive breastfeeding culture.Evidence-based nursing · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding in the Context of Trauma and Previous Psychological Experiences: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Explainable machine learning model to predict 6-month exclusive breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study in Jiangsu, China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Rules of Thumb for Estimating Drug Levels in Breast Milk: How Well Do They Work?Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Breastfeeding rates in Israel and their health policy implications.Israel journal of health policy research · 2025Article
- The impact of marriage on breastfeeding duration: examining the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 pandemic on marginalized communities.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding moderates the association between family socioeconomic status and child behavior scores.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding practices among long-standing refugees in Jordan: insights from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Does caesarean section have an impact on exclusive breastfeeding? Evidence from four Southeast Asian countries.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- The Impact of Marriage on Breastfeeding Duration: Examining the Disproportionate Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Low-Income Communities.Research square · 2024Article
- Investigating factors influencing decision-making around use of breastmilk substitutes by health care professionals: a qualitative study.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Household food insecurity is negatively associated with achievement of prenatal intentions to feed only breast milk in the first six months postpartum.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Status of breast cancer detection in young women and potential of liquid biopsy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Promoting breastfeeding in Singapore-a case study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2024Article
- Evaluating an Association Between Prenatal Smoking Behavior and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Population-Based Study.American journal of lifestyle medicineReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding has many health, economic and environmental benefits for both the infant and pregnant individual. Due to these benefits, the World Health Organization and Health Canada recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of exclusive and any breastfeeding in Canada for at least six months, and factors associated with breastfeeding cessation prior to six months.
methodsWe performed a secondary analysis of breastfeeding-related questions asked on the cross-sectional 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey. Our sample comprised 5,392 females aged 15-55 who had given birth in the five years preceding the survey. Descriptive statistics were carried out to assess the proportion of females exclusively breastfeeding and doing any breastfeeding for at least six months by demographic and behavioural factors. We also assessed, by baby's age, trends in the introduction of solids and liquids, breastfeeding cessation and the reasons females stopped breastfeeding. Multivariate log binominal regression was used to examine the association between breastfeeding at six months and selected maternal characteristics hypothesized a priori to be associated with breastfeeding behaviour.
resultsOverall, for at least six months, 35.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33.3%-37.8%) of females breastfed exclusively and 62.2% (95% CI: 60.0%-64.4%) did any breastfeeding. The largest decline in exclusive breastfeeding occurred in the first month. Factors most strongly associated with breastfeeding for at least six months were having a bachelor's or higher degree, having a normal body mass index, being married and daily co-sleeping. Insufficient milk supply was given as the most common reason for breastfeeding cessation irrespective of when females stopped breastfeeding.
conclusionSix-month exclusive breastfeeding rates in Canada remain below targets set by the World Health Assembly. Continued efforts, including investment in monitoring of breastfeeding rates, are needed to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding, especially among females vulnerable to early cessation.
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