ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2023
Relationships between cervical sagittal posture, muscle endurance, joint position sense, range of motion and level of smartphone addiction.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06065826 (Correlation Between Forward Head Posture And Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder In Addicted Smartphone Users), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Correlation Between Forward Head Posture And Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder In Addicted Smartphone Users
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between exposure to common technology devices and reported neck pain among Iranian school-age adolescents: a cross sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Trial
- Article
- Duration-dependent effects of dry cupping on autonomic modulation and trapezius tissue compliance in smartphone users: a dose-finding study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Upper body posture changes during sitting in female office workers with lower crossed syndrome.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liao · 2025Article
- Relationship between the degree of forward head posture and the shear elastic modulus of the upper trapezius in young men, and the difference in these variables between those with and without neck/shoulder pain and/or stiffness.Journal of physical therapy science · 2025Article
- The impact of forward head posture on neck muscle endurance and thickness in women with chronic neck pain: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Lifestyle factors and determination of optimal cut-off values for forward head posture in young adults with neck pain: a cross-sectional analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Ultrasonographic evaluation of neck extensor muscle thickness in smartphone users.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Effect of Smartphone Use on Musculoskeletal Pain Among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2025Article
- Article
- The association between mobile phone usage duration, neck muscle endurance, and neck pain among university students.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Smartphone Usage and Postural Stability in Individuals With Forward Head Posture: A Nintendo Wii Balance Board Analysis.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Quantifying the Importance of Active Muscle Repositioning a Finite Element Neck Model in Flexion Using Kinematic, Kinetic, and Tissue-Level Responses.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Predicting mechanical neck pain intensity in computer professionals using machine learning: identification and correlation of key features.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrequent smartphone use in a pathological way forces the user to adopt a compromised posture. This gradually results in changes to both the postural and musculoskeletal systems. This study's objectives were evaluation of head posture, muscle endurance, neck range of motion (ROM) and joint position sense in two separate smartphone user groups, one 'Addicted', the other 'Non-Addicted'.
methodsA sample of convenience (n = 60) was recruited from medical students (age 24.57 ± 4.38, 53.3% male) with a history of smartphones use > 2 h/day for 1-year. Based on the cut-off values of the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), participants were entered into each group (cut-off for male ≥ 31, female ≥ 33). Neck muscle endurance time, joint position error and cervical ROM, along with forward head posture parameters of craniovertebral angle (CVA), shoulder angle (SA), sagittal head angle (SHA) and forward head distance (FHD)) were evaluated. A Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the difference between groups and the correlations between variables.
resultsThe difference between 'Addicted' and 'Non-Addicted' groups was confirmed by the values for SAS-SV scores (25.23 ± 5.5 versus 43.9 ± 6.61) (p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between groups for the CVA and FHD parameters (p < 0.001). Further, the neck extensor muscle endurance (97 ± 3.79 versus 74.86 ± 2.23 s), was significantly different between groups (p = 0.010) but not after Bonferroni correction. There was no notable difference in the neck flexor muscle endurance, joint position error, SA, and SHA parameters between groups (p > 0.05).
conclusionsThere is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both decreased extensor muscle endurance and changes in neck postural alignment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.