Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36689655›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023

Non-equilibrium early-warning signals for critical transitions in ecological systems.

Li Xu, Denis Patterson, Simon Asher Levin, Jin Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Early Warning Signals in Ecological Time-Series.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  3. Interpretable early warnings using machine learning in an online game-experiment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. The Equilibrium Conundrum.Ecology letters · 2025
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Clustered warming tolerances and the nonlinear risks of biodiversity loss on a warming planet.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Li XuState Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-4714-1279
Denis PattersonHigh Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0002-4509-7294
Simon Asher LevinHigh Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0002-8216-5639
Jin WangDepartment of Chemistry, Physics and Applied Mathematics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400.

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-1951358National Science Foundation of China 11305176National Science Foundation of China 21721003National Science Foundation of Jilin Province 20220101013JC
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Complex systems can exhibit sudden transitions or regime shifts from one stable state to another, typically referred to as critical transitions. It becomes a great challenge to identify a robust warning sufficiently early that action can be taken to avert a regime shift. We employ landscape-flux theory from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics as a general framework to quantify the global stability of ecological systems and provide warning signals for critical transitions. We quantify the average flux as the nonequilibrium driving force and the dynamical origin of the nonequilibrium transition while the entropy production rate as the nonequilibrium thermodynamic cost and thermodynamic origin of the nonequilibrium transition. Average flux, entropy production, nonequilibrium free energy, and time irreversibility quantified by the difference in cross-correlation functions forward and backward in time can serve as early warning signals for critical transitions much earlier than other conventional predictors. We utilize a classical shallow lake model as an exemplar for our early warning prediction. Our proposed method is general and can be readily applied to assess the resilience of many other ecological systems. The early warning signals proposed here can potentially predict critical transitions earlier than established methods and perhaps even sufficiently early to avert catastrophic shifts.

Indexed as

EcosystemPhysicsEntropyThermodynamicscritical transitionsearly warning signalsglobal stability of ecological systemslandscape-flux theorytipping point prediction

Identifiers

PMID36689655
PMCPMC9945981

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.