ArticlePloS one2023
The Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q): Validation of a generic multidimensional scale measuring patients' treatment expectations.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Can Preoperative Information Via Virtual Reality Affect Patient's Anxiety? A Randomized Controlled Trial and Patient Interviews
Evaluating Health Literacy, Expectations and Regrets in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery for Malignant Disease
Are Baseline Factors Associated With Persistent Pain in People With Femoral Acetabular Impingement Syndrome After a Physiotherapy-led Rehabilitation Programme?
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural Correlates of Explicit Outcome Expectation Effects: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Pooled it
- The Use of Psychedelics in the Treatment of Adult ADHD: A Systematic and Mechanistic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Learning by observing: a systematic exploration of modulatory factors and the impact of observationally induced placebo and nocebo effects on treatment outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Optimising Treatment Expectations Using a Video-Based Intervention in Orthopaedic Surgery: Results From a Randomised Controlled Trial.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- A parallel-arm, randomized trial of Behavioral Activation Therapy for anhedonia versus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for adults with anhedonia.Behaviour research and therapy · 2024Trial
- Does outcome expectancy predict outcomes in online depression prevention? Secondary analysis of randomised-controlled trials.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Trial
- The impact of pharmaceutical form and simulated side effects in an open-label-placebo RCT for improving psychological distress in highly stressed students.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Review
- Development and Application of a Psychological Expectations Scale for Patients With Middle- and Late-Stage Cervical Cancer in China.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Article
- The Role of Patients' Treatment Expectations in Ventricular Assist Device Support: Results From a Convergent Mixed Methods Study.Artificial organs · 2026Article
- Multidimensional expectations of radiotherapy among patients with cancer - A cross-sectional study (ExpectRT).Technical innovations & patient support in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Exploring expectations of music interventions in pulmonary rehabilitation: a cross-sectional survey protocol.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Distinct positive and negative dimensions of psychotherapy treatment expectations across three independent samples.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Observational
- Translation and initial psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the treatment expectation questionnaire (TEX-Q).Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- 'I Want Everyone to Have It, and Everyone to Be on It': A Feasibility Study of the Transforming Long Covid Intervention.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Observational
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients' expectations, as a central mechanism behind placebo and nocebo effects, are an important predictor of health outcomes. Yet, theoretically based generic assessment tools allowing for an integrated understanding of expectations across conditions and treatments are lacking. Based on the preliminary 35-item version, this study reports the development and validation of the Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q), a generic, multidimensional self-report scale measuring patients' expectations of medical and psychological treatments.
methodsThe TEX-Q was developed in a validation sample of n = 251 patients undergoing different treatments using exploratory factor analyses and item analyses, as well as analysis of convergent and divergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in an independent sample of n = 303 patients undergoing cancer treatment. Two-weeks test-retest reliability was assessed in n = 28 psychosomatic outpatients.
resultsFactor analyses revealed six theoretically founded stable subscales. The TEX-Q assesses expectations of treatment benefit, positive impact, adverse events, negative impact, process and behavioural control with a total of 15 items. Results for the subscales and the sum score indicated good internal consistency (α = .71-.92), moderate to high test-retest reliability (r = .39-.76) as well as good convergent validity with regard to other expectation measures (r = .42-.58) and divergent validity with regard to measures of generalized expectations (r < .32) and psychopathology (r < .28).
conclusionsWhile further validation is needed, the results suggest that the TEX-Q is a valid and reliable scale for the generic, multidimensional assessment of patients' treatment expectations. The TEX-Q overcomes constraints of ad-hoc and disease-specific scales, while allowing to compare the impact of different expectation constructs across conditions and treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.