The Case for Investing in Psychosocial Care and Rights of Children with Chronic Medical Conditions in India.

This narrative review paper aims to build a common understanding of the vulnerabilities of children with chronic medical conditions who face exceptional challenges due to nature of the illness, deformity, injury, and traumatic healthcare encounters which could potentially lead to long-term psychological effects. The presence of chronic medical diagnoses in children and the subsequent impacts including social stigma, as well as their age and developmental level, may amplify adjustment challenges in parenting considerations, school, peer relations, career, and future relationships. Children may be traumatized by unfamiliar and painful healthcare experiences. Hospitalization can lead to increased feelings of isolation, fear, and self-doubt when children do not receive emotionally safe psychological support necessary to minimize the accompanying stress and anxiety. School experiences and parenting children with chronic illnesses have additional intersecting socialization characteristics. This paper highlights a vision for furthering the groundwork within Indian pediatric settings to promote emotional safety and psychosocial care. Principles from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the World Health Organization's definition of health create an impetus for giving a voice to children with chronic medical conditions. While there are sporadic psychosocial services for children with chronic needs, they lack consistency, and this indicates a need and an opportunity for developing a unique career for human development and psychology professionals to address these concerns. As exemplars, two psychosocial care programs in India that help foster resilience in these children are highlighted. Although limited, extant research regarding the experiences of children with chronic medical conditions in India is discussed, and implications for future research and academic initiatives are interwoven within this paper.