ReviewFrontiers in veterinary science2022
Canine melanoma: A review of diagnostics and comparative mechanisms of disease and immunotolerance in the era of the immunotherapies.
Review in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical study of an optimized AAV cancer vaccine in a spontaneous canine model of oral melanoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Phytochemical profile and proteomic landscape associated with antineoplastic activity ofVeterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Serum Proteomic Analysis Using Gel-Based Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Reveals Differences Between Canine Oral Malignancies and Non-Malignant Conditions.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Survival of dogs with melanoma from a referral veterinary hospital in Japan.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Canine melanomas: MiTF and p38 expression and its correlation with the presence of lymphocytic infiltrate, proliferation, and survival.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Synchronous Multiple Primary Tumors in a Dog: A Case Report.Case reports in veterinary medicine · 2026Article
- Capacity for Compensatory Cyclin D2 Response Confers Trametinib Resistance in Canine Mucosal Melanoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 mRNA In Situ Expression by Canine Oral Melanoma Cells and Immune Cells of the Tumour Microenvironment.Veterinary and comparative oncology · 2025Article
- Capacity for compensatory cyclin D2 response confers trametinib resistance in canine mucosal melanoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Comparative pathophysiology and molecular insights into cutaneous and non-cutaneous canine skin cancers: focus on melanoma, mast cell tumors, and squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Canine organoids: state-of-the-art, translation potential for human medicine and plea for standardization.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- The Immune Contexture in Canine Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma: Immunohistochemical Quantification of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Image Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Exploring the Epidemiology of Melanocytic Tumors in Canine and Feline Populations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Diagnostic Records from a Single Pathology Institution in Italy.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- From Lipid Signatures to Cellular Responses: Unraveling the Complexity of Melanoma and Furthering Its Diagnosis and Treatment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Establishment of Primary Cell Cultures from Canine Oral Melanomas via Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Novel Tool for Tumorigenesis and Cancer Progression Studies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Clinicopathological and Prognostic Associations in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Repurposing of the Cardiovascular Drug Statin for the Treatment of Cancers: Efficacy of Statin-Dipyridamole Combination Treatment in Melanoma Cell Lines.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Pathological, histochemical, and immune-histochemical studies on some canine-skin neoplasm at Sharkia province, Egypt.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Risk stratification scheme based on the TNM staging system for dogs with oral malignant melanoma centered on clinicopathologic presentation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Melanomas in humans and dogs are highly malignant and resistant to therapy. Since the first development of immunotherapies, interest in how the immune system interacts within the tumor microenvironment and plays a role in tumor development, progression, or remission has increased. Of major importance are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) where distribution and cell frequencies correlate with survival and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, efforts have been made to identify subsets of TILs populations that can contribute to a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting environment, such as the case with T regulatory cells versus CD8 T cells. Furthermore, cancerous cells have the capacity to express certain inhibitory checkpoint molecules, including CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-L2, that can suppress the immune system, a property associated with poor prognosis, a high rate of recurrence, and metastasis. Comparative oncology brings insights to comprehend the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and immunotolerance in humans and dogs, contributing to the development of new therapeutic agents that can modulate the immune response against the tumor. Therapies that target signaling pathways such as mTOR and MEK/ERK that are upregulated in cancer, or immunotherapies with different approaches such as CAR-T cells engineered for specific tumor-associated antigens, DNA vaccines using human tyrosinase or CGSP-4 antigen, anti-PD-1 or -PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that intercept their binding inhibiting the suppression of the T cells, and lymphokine-activated killer cells are already in development for treating canine tumors. This review provides concise and recent information about diagnosis, comparative mechanisms of tumor development and progression, and the current status of immunotherapies directed toward canine melanoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.