ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
The relevance between hypoxia-dependent spatial transcriptomics and the prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy in claudin-low breast cancer.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- A system-level metastable model of cancer evolution: integrating replication stress, cell cycle deregulation and chromosomal instability.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes the malignant progression of cervical cancer cells by regulating lactate dehydrogenase A-mediated glycolysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Review
- Tumor microenvironment-specific nanomedicine: from biology-driven to multi-omics-guided precision engineering.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Expression Analysis ofIranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Spatial architecture of development and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Trophoblast adaptation to hypoxia: balance and dysfunction.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Hypoxia upregulates the expression of PD-L1 via NPM1 in breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Tumor Hypoxia: How Conventional Histology Is Reshaped in Breast Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging to detect tumor hypoxia in brain malignant disease: A systematic review of validation studies.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2025Review
- Next-generation spatial transcriptomics: unleashing the power to gear up translational oncology.MedComm · 2024Review
- Scoping Review: Methods and Applications of Spatial Transcriptomics in Tumor Research.Cancers · 2024Article
- Spatial molecular profiling of mixed invasive ductal and lobular breast cancers reveals heterogeneity in intrinsic molecular subtypes, oncogenic signatures, and mutations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Spatial transcriptomics: a new frontier in accurate localization of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxia is an important characteristic of solid tumors. However, spatial transcriptomics (ST) of hypoxia-associated heterogeneity is not clear. Methods: This study integrated Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) with immunofluorescence to demonstrate their spatial distribution in human claudin-low breast cancer MDA-MB-231 engraft. ST spots were clustered with differentially expression genes. The data were combined with hypoxia-specific marker and angiogenesis marker-labeled serial sections to indicate the spatial distribution of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducted transcriptional profile. Moreover, marker genes, cluster-specific hypoxia genes, and their co-essential relationship were identified and mapped in every clusters. The clinicopathological association of marker genes of hypoxia-dependent spatial clusters was explored in 1904 breast cancers from METABRIC database. Results: The tumor from center to periphery were enriched into five hypoxia-dependent subgroups with differentially expressed genes, which were matched to necrosis, necrosis periphery, hypoxic tumor, adaptive survival tumor, and invasive tumor, respectively. Different subgroups demonstrated distinct hypoxia condition and spatial heterogeneity in biological behavior and signaling pathways. Cox regression analysis showed that the invasive tumor (cluster 0) and hypoxic tumor (cluster 6) score could be served as independent prognostic factors in claudin-low patients. KM analysis indicated that high invasive tumor (cluster 0) and hypoxic tumor (cluster 6) score was associated with poor prognoses of claudin-low patients. Further analysis showed that hypoxia-induced immune checkpoints, such as CD276 and NRP1, upregulation in invasive tumor to block infiltration and activation of B cells and CD8+ T cells to change tumor immune microenvironment. Discussion: This study reveals hypoxia-dependent spatial heterogeneity in claudin-low breast cancer and highlights its potential value as a predictive biomarker of clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response. The molecules found in this study also provided potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for subsequent studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.