ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2022
Catecholaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron in breastfed infants and behavior at 3 years: a randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Loss ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Novel therapeutics in autism spectrum disorder.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: Results from a Prospective Open-Label Controlled Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Review of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathology, and Pharmacological Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hypometabolism in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Brain and Blood Transcriptomics.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Biogenic Amine Metabolism and Its Genetic Variations in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Overview.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Comparison of face attention bias in adults with ASD, ADHD, or comorbid ADHD+ASD.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: historical challenges and emerging frontiers.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Characterization of direct Purkinje cell outputs to the brainstem.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Virtual Screening Approaches to Identify Promising Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Striatal insights: a cellular and molecular perspective on repetitive behaviors in pathology.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immune System and Brain/Intestinal Barrier Functions in Psychiatric Diseases: Is Sphingosine-1-Phosphate at the Helm?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Basal Forebrain Modulation of Olfactory CodingInternational journal of psychological researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Treatment of ASD is notoriously difficult and might benefit from identification of underlying mechanisms that overlap with those disturbed in other developmental disorders, for which treatment options are more obvious. One example of the latter is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), given the efficacy of especially stimulants in treatment of ADHD. Deficiencies in catecholaminergic systems [dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE)] in ADHD are obvious targets for stimulant treatment. Recent findings suggest that dysfunction in catecholaminergic systems may also be a factor in at least a subgroup of ASD. In this review we scrutinize the evidence for catecholaminergic mechanisms underlying ASD symptoms, and also include in this analysis a third classic ascending arousing system, the acetylcholinergic (ACh) network. We complement this with a comprehensive review of DA-, NE-, and ACh-targeted interventions in ASD, and an exploratory search for potential treatment-response predictors (biomarkers) in ASD, genetically or otherwise. Based on this review and analysis we propose that (1) stimulant treatment may be a viable option for an ASD subcategory, possibly defined by genetic subtyping; (2) cerebellar dysfunction is pronounced for a relatively small ADHD subgroup but much more common in ASD and in both cases may point toward NE- or ACh-directed intervention; (3) deficiency of the cortical salience network is sizable in subgroups of both disorders, and biomarkers such as eye blink rate and pupillometric data may predict the efficacy of targeting this underlying deficiency
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.