ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
Multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure on medicine in Europe: Longitudinal analysis of 13 European countries between 2013 and 2015.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Financial burden of out of pocket nonpharmacological therapies in an Austrian multiple sclerosis cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mortality in older people in 11 European health systems: a longitudinal analysis between 2006 and 2020.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Multimorbidity healthcare expenditure in Belgium: a 4-year analysis (COMORB study).Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- Improved prediction of 5-year mortality by updating the chronic related score for risk profiling in the general population: lessons from the italian region of Lombardy.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Many European Health Systems are implementing or increasing levels of cost-sharing for medicine in response to the growing constrains on public spending on health despite their negative impact on population health due to delay in seeking care. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationships between multimorbidity (two or more coexisting chronic diseases, CDs), complex multimorbidity (three or more CDs impacting at least three different body systems), and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for medicine across European nations. Methods: This study utilized data on participants aged 50 years and above from two recent waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe conducted in 2013 ( Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 50.4% in 2013 and 48.2% in 2015. Nearly half of those with multimorbidity had complex multimorbidity. Each additional CD was associated with a 34% greater likelihood of incurring any OOPE for medicine (Odds ratio = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.31 Conclusion: Between 2013 and 2015 in 13 European Health Systems increased prevalence of CDs was associated with greater likelihood of having OOPE on medication and an increase in the average amount spent when one occurred. Monitoring this indicator is important considering the negative association with treatment adherence and subsequent effects on health.
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