ArticleFrontiers in surgery2022
Epidural esketamine and morphine for postoperative analgesia after caesarean delivery: A pilot study.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of esketamine for pain control after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The 50% effective dose of hydromorphone and morphine for epidural analgesia in the hemorrhoidectomy: a double-blind, sequential dose-finding study.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Effect of esketamine on postpartum depression after labor analgesia and potential mechanisms: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- A Study on the ED90 of Esketamine Combined with Ropivacaine for Early Epidural Analgesia During the First Stage of Labor in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized, Sequential Dose-Finding Trial.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Effects of epidural esketamine versus sufentanil on labor analgesia and postpartum depression: a retrospective cohort study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of esketamine to morphine would improve postoperative analgesia after cesarean section. Methods: Parturients who planned for a cesarean delivery using combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with a request for postoperative anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D). When the surgery was completed, the parturients in groups A, B, C, and D were administered 2 mg morphine, 0.25 mg/kg of esketamine, 0.25 mg/kg of esketamine plus 2 mg morphine hydrochloride, and 0.25 mg/kg of esketamine plus 1 mg morphine through the epidural catheters, respectively. The postoperative pain at rest, pain with movement, the number of rescue analgesics, and adverse effects were evaluated for 48 h after cesarean delivery. Results: A total of 119 parturients were included in this study, including 30 cases in group A, 30 cases in group B, 30 cases in group C, and 29 cases in group D. All visual analog scale (VAS) scores at rest and with movement were much lower in group C as compared with those in group A and group B ( Conclusions: The addition of esketamine to morphine improved postoperative analgesia after cesarean section without increasing the incidence of adverse events.
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Registered trials
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