ArticleBioengineering & translational medicine2023
3D bioprinting of an implantable xeno-free vascularized human skin graft.
Article in Bioengineering & translational medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Cellularized Skin Substitute Bioengineering for Regenerative Medicine: Cell Sources, Culture Strategies, and Transition Toward Defined, Xeno-Free Culture Systems.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Endothelial MHC expression is required to initiate T cell-mediated rejection of 3D-printed skin grafts.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Application of 3D-Bioprinting in Treatment of Chronic Wounds: A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring ethical, sustainable and effective foetal bovine serum alternatives forFrontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Bioprinted skin: from lab bench to clinic, what matters now and what's next.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- 3D bioprinted melanoma models: a novel paradigm for the assessment of anticancer strategies combining PDT and drug delivery systems.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- Skin substitutes: from conventional to 3D bioprinting.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025Review
- Advancements in 3D skin bioprinting: processes, bioinks, applications and sensor integration.International journal of extreme manufacturing · 2025Review
- Fetal bovine serum: how to leave it behind in the pursuit of more reliable science.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Immunological control of skin development: from homeostasis to developmental pathologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Characterization of Reconstructed Human Epidermis in a Chemically-Defined, Animal Origin-Free Cell Culture.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2024Article
- Light-based 3D bioprinting technology applied to repair and regeneration of different tissues: A rational proposal for biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- [Cell therapy and wound repair].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2024Review
- Xeno-Free 3D Bioprinted Liver Model for Hepatotoxicity Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Perspective of 3D culture in medicine: transforming disease research and therapeutic applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Synergistic coupling between 3D bioprinting and vascularization strategies.Biofabrication · 2023Review
- Recent Advances in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bioengineered tissues or organs produced using matrix proteins or components derived from xenogeneic sources pose risks of allergic responses, immune rejection, or even autoimmunity. Here, we report successful xeno-free isolation, expansion, and cryopreservation of human endothelial cells (EC), fibroblasts (FBs), pericytes (PCs), and keratinocytes (KCs). We further demonstrate the bioprinting of a human skin substitute with a dermal layer containing xeno-free cultured human EC, FBs, and PCs in a xeno-free bioink containing human collagen type I and fibronectin layered in a biocompatible polyglycolic acid mesh and subsequently seeded with xeno-free human KCs to form an epidermal layer. Following implantation of such bilayered skin grafts on the dorsum of immunodeficient mice, KCs form a mature stratified epidermis with rete ridge-like structures. The ECs and PCs form human EC-lined perfused microvessels within 2 weeks after implantation, preventing graft necrosis, and eliciting further perfusion of the graft by angiogenic host microvessels. As proof-of-concept, we generated 12 individual grafts using a single donor of all four cell types. In summary, we describe the fabrication of a bioprinted vascularized bilayered skin substitute under completely xeno-free culture conditions demonstrating feasibility of a xeno-free approach to complex tissue engineering.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.