ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2023
Diagnostic accuracy of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination in predicting motor outcome at 12 months for infants born very preterm.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodevelopmental screening for neonates less than 44 weeks gestation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- [Interpretation of the "International consensus on early rehabilitation and nutritional management for infants at high risk of neurological impairment"].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review of Neurodevelopmental Tools for Preterm Infants During Infancy: Mapping the Components Across Infant Age Quarters.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Review
- Quantitative assessment of comfort and physiological responses in neonates and infants during pram transport: a pilot study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Predictive Value of the Early Spontaneous Movements for Preterm Infants' Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 12 Months' Corrected Age.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- International consensus on early rehabilitation and nutritional management for infants at high risk of neurological impairments.Pediatric investigation · 2024Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination in predicting motor outcome at 12 months for infants born very preterm.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the predictive validity of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) performed early (at 32 weeks postmenstrual age) and at term-equivalent age (TEA) for 12-month motor outcomes in infants born very preterm.
methodThis was a diagnostic study using data from a prospective birth cohort. A total of 104 infants born preterm at less than 31 weeks gestational age (males n = 61; mean = 28 weeks 1 day [SD 1 week 6 days], range 23 weeks 1 day-30 weeks 6 days) underwent HNNE early and at TEA, which were scored by comparison with term data. Motor outcomes at 12 months corrected age were determined using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (scores ≤85). Cut-off points were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves.
resultsSixteen (15%) infants born preterm had motor impairment at 12 months corrected age. The HNNE total score cut-off points with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity at early and TEA assessments were 15.2 or lower (sensitivity 77%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 46%-95%; specificity 74%, 95% CI = 63%-83%) and 23.5 or lower (sensitivity 67%, 95% CI = 38%-88%; specificity 66%, 95% CI = 54%-76%) respectively. The most predictive subscale at the early assessment was reflexes (sensitivity 86%, 95% CI = 57%-98%; specificity 62%, 95% CI = 51%-72%; cut-off point ≤3); at TEA, it was spontaneous movements (sensitivity 73%, 95% CI = 45%-92%; specificity 60%, 95% CI = 48%-70%; cut-off point ≤2).
interpretationThe HNNE provides moderate predictive accuracy for motor outcome at 12 months corrected age in infants born very preterm. Although modest at both time points, early assessment had stronger predictive ability for motor outcomes than TEA when scored using term data, highlighting the value of performing the HNNE earlier in the neonatal period. Performing HNNE earlier may assist risk stratification when planning follow-up services.
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