Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36681994›Full record

ArticleEJNMMI physics2023

Impact of γ factor in the penalty function of Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction (Q.Clear) to achieve high-resolution PET images.

Kenta Miwa, Tokiya Yoshii, Kei Wagatsuma, Shogo Nezu, Yuto Kamitaka, Tensho Yamao, Rinya Kobayashi, Shohei Fukuda, Yu Yakushiji, Noriaki Miyaji and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in EJNMMI physics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Straightforward PET phantom preparation usingAnnals of nuclear medicine · 2026
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  2. Characterization of open-source BSREM reconstruction forPhysical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2026
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  3. Article
  4. PET Image Reconstruction Using Deep Diffusion Image Prior.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2026
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  9. Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2025
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  13. 360° CZT-SPECT/CT cameras:EJNMMI physics · 2024
    Article
  14. β1600 Q.Clear Digital Reconstruction of [Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Article
  15. Impact of [Annals of nuclear medicine · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kenta MiwaDepartment of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakaemachi, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-8516, Japan. kenta5710@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-0180
Tokiya YoshiiDepartment of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Kei WagatsumaResearch Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
Shogo NezuDepartment of Radiology, Ehime University Hospital, 454 Shitsukawa, Touon-shi, Ehime, 791-0204, Japan.
Yuto KamitakaResearch Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
Tensho YamaoDepartment of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakaemachi, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-8516, Japan.
Rinya KobayashiDepartment of Radiology, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
Shohei FukudaDepartment of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan.
Yu YakushijiDepartment of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan.
Noriaki MiyajiDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
Kenji IshiiResearch Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Bayesian penalized likelihood PET reconstruction (BPL) algorithm, Q.Clear (GE Healthcare), has recently been clinically applied to clinical image reconstruction. The BPL includes a relative difference penalty (RDP) as a penalty function. The β value that controls the behavior of RDP determines the global strength of noise suppression, whereas the γ factor in RDP controls the degree of edge preservation. The present study aimed to assess the effects of various γ factors in RDP on the ability to detect sub-centimeter lesions.

methodsAll PET data were acquired for 10 min using a Discovery MI PET/CT system (GE Healthcare). We used a NEMA IEC body phantom containing spheres with inner diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28 and 37 mm and 4.0, 5.0, 6.2, 7.9, 10 and 13 mm. The target-to-background ratio of the phantom was 4:1, and the background activity concentration was 5.3 kBq/mL. We also evaluated cold spheres containing only non-radioactive water with the same background activity concentration. All images were reconstructed using BPL + time of flight (TOF). The ranges of β values and γ factors in BPL were 50-600 and 2-20, respectively. We reconstructed PET images using the Duetto toolbox for MATLAB software. We calculated the % hot contrast recovery coefficient (CRC

resultsThe CRC

conclusionHigh and low γ factors, respectively, preserved the edges of reconstructed PET images and promoted image smoothing. The BPL with a γ factor above the default value in Q.Clear (γ factor = 2) generated high-resolution PET images, although image noise slightly diverged. Optimizing the β value and the γ factor in BPL enabled the detection of lesions ≤ 6.2 mm.

Indexed as

BPLBSREMQ.ClearSub-centimeter lesionβ valueγ factor

Identifiers

PMID36681994
PMCPMC9868206

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.