ArticleClinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2023
Social inequalities in access to cancer screening and early detection: A population-based study in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
Article in Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Projections of colorectal cancer mortality to 2040 in Mexico and their association with socioeconomic status.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Observational
- Sociodemographic profile of individuals eligible for lung cancer screening according to Brazilian guidelines: a national analysis.Respiratory research & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators of the implementation of mammography screening in the Brazilian public health system: scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic position and breast cancer screening use in Chile: A population-based study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and social inequalities in the use of cancer screening tests in Campinas, Brazil (ISACamp 2014/15).Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Cancer inequalities in incidence and mortality in the State of São Paulo, Brazil 2001-17.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Analysis of education level in access and use of health care services, ISA-Capital, São Paulo, Brazil, 2003 and 2015.Cadernos de saude publica · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study monitors trends in access to cancer screening, focusing on mammography, Papanicolaou (Pap smear), and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), assessing the magnitude of inequality in the city of São Paulo from 2003 to 2015 according to education level.
methodThis is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with data from the 2003, 2008, and 2015 editions of the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo (ISA-Capital). Outcome variables were the proportion of mammography, Papanicolaou (Pap smear), and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) tests according to the protocols. Inequality was measured by education level according to years of study. For static analysis, Poisson regression was used to estimate proportion ratios.
resultsThe proportion of Pap smears remained stationary at a high level (>89%) throughout the study period, while access to mammography and PSA tests significantly increased in the 2003‒2015 period. The present results indicate inequalities in access to cancer screening due to education, and being more expressive for mammography and PSA tests. However, this inequality significantly decreased over the period analyzed comparing the most educated individuals with those with the lowest educational level. In addition, an increase in the proportion of tests performed in the Brazilian Unified Health System was identified, especially for mammography and PSA tests, in the period 2003‒2015.
conclusionsThe inequalities observed in the access to preventive exams were influenced by the level of education. The offer of exams was expanded, more significantly for mammography and PSA, especially among the less educated group.
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