Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36681063›Full record

ArticleHealth & place2023

The role of firearm and alcohol availability in firearm suicide: A population-based weighted case-control study.

Veronica A Pear, Garen J Wintemute, Nicholas P Jewell, Jennifer Ahern

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Health & place, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Veronica A PearViolence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, USA; Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, USA. Electronic address: vapear@ucdavis.edu.
Garen J WintemuteViolence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, USA.
Nicholas P JewellDepartment of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Jennifer AhernDivision of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, USA.

Funding

A Rigorous System to Determine the Health Impacts of Policies and ProgramsDP2HD080350 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI AHERN, JENNIFER · 2013 to 2013
$2.4M
Emerging methods and applications for test-negative studies of of infectious disease interventionsR01AI148127 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI JEWELL, NICHOLAS P · 2020 to 2023
$1.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148127NICHD NIH HHS DP2 HD080350
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Firearm availability has been linked to firearm self-harm, but the joint relationship with alcohol availability, while supported by theory, has not been examined. This study sought to quantify the separate and joint relations of community firearm and alcohol availability with individual-level risk of (fatal and nonfatal) firearm self-harm. We conducted a case-control study of California residents, 2005-2015, using statewide mortality, hospital, firearm transfer, and alcohol license data. We estimated monthly marginal risk differences per 100,000 in the overall population and in white men aged 50+ under various hypothetical changes to firearm and alcohol availability and assessed additive interactions using case-control-weighted g-computation. In the overall population, non-pawn shop firearm dealer density was associated with firearm self-harm (RD: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.04) but pawn shop firearm dealer and alcohol outlet densities were not. Secondary analyses revealed a relationship between firearm sales density and firearm self-harm (RD: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.10). There were no additive interactions between measures of firearm and alcohol availability. Among older white men, generally the same exposures were related to self-harm as in the overall population, but point estimates were substantially larger. Findings suggest community-level approaches to reducing firearm sales may help mitigate suicide risk.

Indexed as

FirearmsSuicideCase-Control StudiesHomicideHumansMaleViolenceAlcohol outletsFirearm dealersG-computationGun violenceSuicide

Identifiers

PMID36681063
PMCPMC10153632

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.