ArticleJournal of anxiety disorders2023
Worry and rumination enhance a positive emotional contrast based on the framework of the Contrast Avoidance Model.
Article in Journal of anxiety disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dampening of positive affect as an emotional contrast avoidance strategy: An experimental test of the contrast avoidance model.Behaviour research and therapy · 2026Trial
- Savoring changes novel positive mindset targets of GAD treatment: Optimism, prioritizing positivity, kill-joy thinking, and worry mediation.Behaviour research and therapy · 2024Trial
- Reducing contrast avoidance in GAD by savoring positive emotions: Outcome and mediation in a randomized controlled trial.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2023Trial
- Emotion Regulation Processes Related to Emotional Symptoms and Their Severity in a Clinical Primary Care Sample.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Development and validation of experimental induction tasks for worry and rumination: A comparison of personalized and scripted approaches.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2026Article
- Dampening of Positive Affect Serves an Emotional Contrast Avoidance Function: Preliminary Evidence From an Adult Community Sample.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the eight item contrast avoidance questionnaire-general emotion scale (CAQ-GE-8): An item-response theory analysis.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2026Article
- Thought suppression worsens mood and obsessions but improves them subsequently: First evidence of a contrast avoidance effect for the maintenance of thought suppression.Behaviour research and therapy · 2026Article
- Effects of avoidance in German military police resilience training.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Validation of the Chinese version of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Trait-anxiety and belief updating: Exploring the role of negativity bias and contrast avoidance.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Why do individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and depression engage in worry and rumination? A momentary assessment study of positive contrast enhancement.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Contrast avoidance as a diagnostic feature of OCD: A receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis of the contrast avoidance questionnaires.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- An initial test of the contrast avoidance model in bipolar spectrum disorders.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- Which client with generalized anxiety disorder benefits from a mindfulness ecological momentary intervention versus a self-monitoring app? Developing a multivariable machine learning predictive model.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2024Article
- The Contrast Avoidance Model: Conclusion and synthesis of new research in the special issue.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2024Article
- Introduction to a special issue on the contrast avoidance model.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2024Article
- Longitudinal associations between response-style strategies and abnormal eating behaviors/attitudes in adolescents: a cross-lagged panel model.Journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- The influence of COVID-19 pandemic on college students' academic performance and the construction of a learning ability warning system.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The transdiagnostic use of worry and rumination to avoid negative emotional contrasts following negative events: A momentary assessment study.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2023Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
The Contrast Avoidance Model (CAM) suggests that worry increases negative affect and decreases positive affect. CAM also suggests that in response to a positive event, higher worry enhances the probability of experiencing greater decreased negative affect and increased positive affect (positive emotional contrasts; PECs). Consequently, worrying may be reinforced by repeated PECs. However, no study has tested whether rumination enhances PECs. Also, emotional specificity in these processes has not been considered. Therefore, we tested whether both rumination and worry enhanced PECs related to specific emotions. After resting baseline, participants with pure generalized anxiety disorder (GAD group, n = 91), pure depression symptoms (depression group, n = 91), and non-GAD and non-depressed healthy controls (HCs, n = 93) engaged with randomly assigned induction tasks (either worry, rumination, or relaxation), and then watched an amusement video. Regardless of group, both worry and rumination increased sadness and fear and decreased amusement more than relaxation from baseline. However, worry increased fear more than rumination, and rumination increased sadness more than worry. Although all inductions led to PECs during the video, worry enhanced fear PECs more than rumination, and rumination enhanced sadnessPECs more than worry. The GAD group who worried experienced the most salient PEC of amusement relative to other groups.
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