ArticleViruses2023
A Conserved Stem-Loop Structure within ORF5 Is a Frequent Recombination Hotspot for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 (PRRSV-1) with a Particular Modified Live Virus (MLV) Strain.
Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emergence of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 Strain Recombined from Two Modified Live Virus-like Strains and Its Pathogenicity for Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Structural basis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 neutralization by a GP4-targeting monoclonal antibody.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Emergence of a PRRSV Strain Recombined From Two Modified-Live Virus Vaccines and Its Elimination From a Breeding Herd.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Recombination of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Features, Possible Mechanisms, and Future Directions.Viruses · 2024Review
- Deep Sequencing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus ORF7: A Promising Tool for Diagnostics and Epidemiologic Surveillance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Editorial: High-impact respiratory RNA virus diseases.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- A recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 field strain derived from two PRRSV-2-modified live virus vaccines.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emergence of recombinant PRRSV strains has been observed for more than a decade. These recombinant viruses are characterized by a genome that contains genetic material from at least two different parental strains. Due to the advanced sequencing techniques and a growing number of data bank entries, the role of PRRSV recombinants has become increasingly important since they are sometimes associated with clinical outbreaks. Chimeric viruses observed more recently are products of PRRSV wild-type and vaccine strains. Here, we report on three PRRSV-1 isolates from geographically distant farms with differing clinical manifestations. A sequencing and recombination analysis revealed that these strains are crossovers between different wild-type strains and the same modified live virus vaccine strain. Interestingly, the recombination breakpoint of all analyzed isolates appears at the beginning of open reading frame 5 (ORF5). RNA structure predictions indicate a conserved stem loop in close proximity to the recombination hotspot, which is a plausible cause of a polymerase template switch during RNA replication. Further research into the mechanisms of the stem loop is needed to help understand the PRRSV recombination process and the role of MLVs as parental strains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.