Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36680279›Full record

ArticleViruses2023

Determining the Protective Efficacy of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands to Minimize H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Transmission in Chickens.

Sugandha Raj, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Bahram Shoojadoost, Douglas Hodgins, Éva Nagy, Samira Mubareka, Khalil Karimi, Shahriar Behboudi, Shayan Sharif

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sugandha RajDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Mohammadali AlizadehDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Bahram ShoojadoostCEVA Animal Health, 131 Malcolm Road, Guelph, ON N1K 1A8, Canada.
Douglas HodginsDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Éva NagyDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Samira MubarekaSunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
Khalil KarimiDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7245-5851
Shahriar BehboudiThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NE, UK.
Shayan SharifDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
University of Guelph · CASunnybrook Health Science Centre · CAThe Pirbright Institute · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/I/00007030Wellcome Trust 053239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype can infect and cause disease in chickens. Little is known about the efficacy of immune-based strategies for reducing the transmission of these viruses. The present study investigated the efficacy of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (CpG ODN 2007 and poly(I:C)) to reduce H9N2 AIV transmission from TLR-treated seeder (trial 1) or inoculated chickens (trial 2) to naive chickens. The results from trial 1 revealed that a low dose of CpG ODN 2007 led to the highest reduction in oral shedding, and a high dose of poly(I:C) was effective at reducing oral and cloacal shedding. Regarding transmission, the recipient chickens exposed to CpG ODN 2007 low-dose-treated seeder chickens showed a maximum reduction in shedding with the lowest number of AIV+ chickens. The results from trial 2 revealed a maximum reduction in oral and cloacal shedding in the poly(I:C) high-dose-treated chickens (recipients), followed by the low-dose CpG ODN 2007 group. In these two groups, the expression of type I interferons (IFNs), protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), viperin, and (interleukin) IL-1β, IL-8, and 1L-18 was upregulated in the spleen, cecal tonsils and lungs. Hence, TLR ligands can reduce AIV transmission in chickens.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsPoultry DiseasesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntibodies, ViralChickensLigandsPoly I-CToll-Like ReceptorsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, ViralLigandsPoly I-CToll-Like ReceptorschickenCpG ODN 2007cytokinesH9N2 AIVimmune responsespoly(I:C)sheddingTLR ligands

Identifiers

PMID36680279
PMCPMC9861619
OpenAlexW4316465163

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.