ArticleViruses2023
Disappearance and Re-Emergence of Influenza during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Association with Infection Control Measures.
Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Endogenous Expression of an RNA-Hydrolyzing Minibody Enhances the Therapeutic Effects Against Influenza a Virus Compared to Therapeutically Intranasal Administration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Recent Increase in Rotavirus Gastroenteritis After Five Years of Low Activity in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, Associated With Equine-Like G3P[8] and G8P[8] Strains, 2025.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza epidemiology: A retrospective analysis in Hebei Province, China from 2019 to 2023.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Excess mortality in Europe estimated by EuroMOMO during the COVID-19 pandemic and previous influenza seasons.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deceleration and rebound of hemagglutinin divergence in influenza B/Victoria across COVID-19 NPI phases (2016-2024).Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Trends and disparities in the research and development of infectious disease vaccines from 2015 to 2025.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Long-term impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on respiratory viruses in Germany.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Transitions in Influenza Dynamics in the United States: Insights from Recent Pandemic Challenges.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends of mechanically ventilated acute respiratory distress syndrome in the twenty-first century: a nationwide, population-based retrospective study.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 virus among patients with acute febrile illness in selected sites of Ethiopia 2021-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Eleven-Year Report of High Number of Diphtheria Cases in Children in East Java Province, Indonesia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Influenza B Virus Vaccine Innovation through Computational Design.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of annual influenza campaigns and vaccination in reducing influenza burden in nursing homes of Canton Vaud in Switzerland.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- The effects of weather and mobility on respiratory viruses dynamics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA and Canada.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- Existing Evidence for Influenza B Virus Adaptations to Drive Replication in Humans as the Primary Host.Viruses · 2023Review
- Pandemic elevates sensitivity to moral disgust but not pathogen disgust.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the influenza virus had a very low prevalence, and in many areas, outbreaks were almost non-existent. In this study, the associations between infection control measures taken for COVID-19 and the global disappearance of the influenza virus were investigated. The detection rate of influenza from baseline was investigated during four seasons (12 weeks from epidemiological week 49 in 2020 and 2021 and 12 weeks from epidemiological week 23 in 2020 and 2021) in each country participating in the surveillance system of the World Health Organization. Three measures of infection control: mask use ratio, social distancing index (an index of human mobility and physical distance obligations), and an index of stringency of measures taken by authorities were studied. In mid-2020, most countries analyzed had high levels of infection control measures, and in most countries, influenza was drastically reduced compared to previous years. Multiple regression analyses compared the study data with data from other seasons. There was an association between high mask use with low influenza detection in all three remaining seasons, an association between a low social distancing index (low mobility and more social contact obligations) with a low influenza detection rate in two seasons, and a marginal significant association of high stringency index with a low influenza detection rate(in 2020-end-seasons). These results support the notion that seasonal influenza is controllable through effective preventive measures, especially those of mask use and human social contact, and these measures should be recommended during future waves of novel influenza virus infection.
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