ArticleViruses2023
Variability in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Retrospective Analysis of a Large Real-World Database.
Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Reduced COVID-19 severity in Africa: a systematic review of host genetic and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of Severe Outcomes in COVID-19: Evidence from Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Study (2020-2024).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Differences in the clinical course of COVID-19 in children and adolescents hospitalized in the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 seasons - a retrospective real-world study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Minimalistic transcriptomic signatures permit accurate early prediction of COVID-19 mortality.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Differences in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Patients Hospitalized in the 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 Seasons.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Abnormalities in Chest Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test in Convalescents Six Months After COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Nutritional Risk Score (NRS-2002) as a Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Patient physical condition and functional sequelae following hospitalization with COVID-19: A cross-sectional observational study.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Dynamic changes of Ct values of N gene and ORF1ab genes and laboratory parameters in patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 B.1, BA.2, and BA.5 variants and their correlation with clinical characteristics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The Clinical Anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Central Greece During October 2020-July 2022.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Complexity and Diversity of the Neurological Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 over Three Waves of COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Clinico-Virological Outcomes and Mutational Profile of SARS-CoV-2 in Adults Treated with Ribavirin Aerosol for COVID-19 Pneumonia.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- In Silico Analyses Indicate a Lower Potency for Dimerization of TLR4/MD-2 as the Reason for the Lower Pathogenicity of Omicron Compared to Wild-Type Virus and Earlier SARS-CoV-2 Variants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Outcomes of COVID-19 Omicron variant in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide Greek cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Trends of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Poland: Assessing the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and War in Ukraine.Viruses · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron clade and clinical presentation in children.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Non-Intensive Care Unit.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- COVID-19 prophylaxis, diagnostics, and treatment in patients with rheumatic diseases. The Polish experts panel opinion.Reumatologia · 2024Article
- Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Change in the Clinical Picture of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 between the Early and Late Period of Dominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic proceeds in waves, with variable characteristics of the clinical picture resulting from the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes of the disease in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during periods of different variants dominance. Comparing the periods of dominance of variants preceding the Delta variant, the Delta period was characterized by a higher share of hospitalized females, less frequent comorbidities among patients, and a different age distribution. The lowest need for oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation was observed under Omicron dominance. The triad of classic COVID-19 symptoms, cough, fever, dyspnoea, and fatigue, were most prevalent during the Delta period, and significantly less common under the Omicron dominance. During the Omicron period, nearly twice as many patients as in the previous periods could be discharged from the hospital within 7 days; the overall 28-day mortality was significantly lower compared to that of the Delta period. It also did not differ between periods that were dominated by the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. The study indicates that the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant that dominated between January and June 2022 caused a disease which resembled the common cold, and was caused by seasonal alpha and beta-coronaviruses with a low pathogenicity for humans. However, one should note that this effect may not only have been related to biological features of the Omicron lineage, but may additionally have been driven by the increased levels of immunization through natural infections and vaccinations, for which we could not account for due to a lack of sufficient data.
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